What is commercial fishing?

Catching fish on a large scale for sale, using powered trawlers and large nets rather than taking only what a family will eat.

What is overfishing, and how is it limited in British waters?

Taking fish faster than stocks can breed and replace themselves; quotas, minimum net mesh sizes and closed areas are used to hold catches down.

How does a wind farm generate electricity, and where are the best sites?

Moving air turns turbine blades that drive a generator, so the best sites are exposed uplands, coasts and shallow offshore waters with strong steady winds.

OCR GCSE Geography A J383

Ecosystems of the Planet

Topic overview Abiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interact The world’s biomes: where they are and what they are like Where the tropical rainforests are, and what they are like Where the coral reefs are, and what they are like Rainforest processes and nutrient cycling Two threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef

Environmental Threats to Our Planet

Topic overview Climate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000AD The evidence for climate change Natural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effect The consequences of climate change The world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulation How global circulation produces extreme weather Tropical storms: causes, distribution and frequency A drought caused by El Niño or La Niña

Fieldwork Skills

Topic overview Framing an enquiry question and choosing your methods Presenting, analysing and explaining fieldwork data Concluding, and evaluating the enquiry

Geographical Skills

Topic overview Constructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transects Coordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a map Gradient, contours, spot heights and GIS Choosing, constructing and presenting graphs and charts Reading and interpreting the main graph and chart types Number, area, scale and the relationships between units Proportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spread Percentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheets Reading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate data Trend lines and lines of best fit Predicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentation Drawing and justifying conclusions from data Interpreting images and written sources, and recognising bias Judging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images

Landscapes of the UK

Topic overview The UK’s upland, lowland and glaciated landscapes Geomorphic processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and deposition River landforms and how they form Coastal landforms and how they form Two UK landscape case studies: a river basin and a coastline

People of the Planet

Topic overview Defining and measuring development The global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCs Why development is uneven, and the role of aid A developing or emerging country: its context and economy Rostow’s model and the country’s path of development Cities, megacities and world cities Why urban growth rates differ around the world Rapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effects A major city in a poorer or emerging country

People of the UK

Topic overview The UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the world The UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalities Uneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growth How the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900 Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first century Urban trends in the UK and their effects A major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life

UK Environmental Challenges

Topic overview Air masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weather A UK flood event: causes, effects and responses How people use, modify and change UK ecosystems The UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sources Changing UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable use Renewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuels What shapes the UK’s energy choices

UK Environmental Challenges

How people use, modify and change UK ecosystems

3 things to know
Component 01

Overview

The mechanisation of farming and the loss of hedgerows, commercial fishing, bottom trawling and limits on overfishing, wind farms and objections to them, fracking and why it is opposed, upland reservoirs, and water transfer schemes and why Britain needs them.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is meant by the mechanisation of farming?

Key term

How has mechanised farming altered the appearance of the British countryside?

Key term

How does bottom trawling modify the sea-bed ecosystem?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is meant by the mechanisation of farming?
Model answer
The replacement of human and animal labour with machinery such as tractors, combine harvesters and automated milking parlours.
2
How has mechanised farming altered the appearance of the British countryside?
Model answer
Hedgerows and field boundaries have been grubbed out to make large fields that machines can work efficiently, stripping away habitat and shelter.
3
What is commercial fishing?
Model answer
Catching fish on a large scale for sale, using powered trawlers and large nets rather than taking only what a family will eat.
4
How does bottom trawling modify the sea-bed ecosystem?
Model answer
Nets dragged across the bottom flatten habitats such as reefs and seagrass beds, and sweep up unwanted species as by-catch.
5
What is overfishing, and how is it limited in British waters?
Model answer
Taking fish faster than stocks can breed and replace themselves; quotas, minimum net mesh sizes and closed areas are used to hold catches down.
6
How does a wind farm generate electricity, and where are the best sites?
Model answer
Moving air turns turbine blades that drive a generator, so the best sites are exposed uplands, coasts and shallow offshore waters with strong steady winds.

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Ecosystems of the Planet

Environmental Threats to Our Planet

Fieldwork Skills

Geographical Skills

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The trade winds drive warm surface water .

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AMore sunspots mean the Sun is giving out more energy.

BMore reaches the Earth and the climate warms.

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Obliquity means the angle of tilt of the Earth's axis.

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