Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
Geographical Skills
Percentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheets
- 3 things to know
- Component 03
Overview
Calculating percentage increases and decreases, percentiles and the 50th percentile, data collection sheets, why larger samples are more trustworthy, systematic and stratified sampling, reliable measurements, and the purpose of a control site.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
A town grows from 200 000 people to 250 000. What is the percentage increase?
Key term
The number of farms in a parish falls from 80 to 60. What is the percentage decrease?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How is a percentage increase calculated?
Model answer
Divide the size of the increase by the original value and multiply the answer by 100.
- 2
A town grows from 200 000 people to 250 000. What is the percentage increase?
Model answer
Twenty-five per cent, because the rise of 50 000 is a quarter of the starting figure.
- 3
The number of farms in a parish falls from 80 to 60. What is the percentage decrease?
Model answer
Twenty-five per cent, because the fall of 20 is a quarter of 80.
- 4
What is a percentile?
Model answer
The value below which a stated percentage of the data falls, so nine tenths of the readings lie beneath the 90th percentile.
- 5
Which percentile is the same as the median?
Model answer
The 50th, because half of all the values lie below it.
- 6
What is a data collection sheet?
Model answer
A table prepared before going out into the field, with a space ready for every measurement or observation to be recorded.
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