What makes a question one that can actually be answered by going out and collecting data?

It must be about something measurable or observable at a place you can reach safely in the time available, and it must test a geographical idea rather than a matter of taste.

What are the six stages of a geographical enquiry, in order?

Setting a question or hypothesis, planning and collecting the data, processing and presenting it, analysing and explaining it, reaching a conclusion, and evaluating the whole investigation.

Why does asking whether a place is “nice” have to be rewritten before it can be investigated?

Because “nice” has no agreed measure, so it must be turned into something scoreable such as litter, noise, upkeep and traffic on a fixed scale.

What should be checked about a location before an investigation is planned there?

That it is safe and accessible, that permission is held where it is needed, and that it shows enough variation for the question to have an answer.

What is primary data?

Data that you collect yourself in the field, such as your own river velocity readings, land use records or questionnaire responses.

OCR GCSE Geography A J383

Ecosystems of the Planet

Topic overview Abiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interact The world’s biomes: where they are and what they are like Where the tropical rainforests are, and what they are like Where the coral reefs are, and what they are like Rainforest processes and nutrient cycling Two threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef

Environmental Threats to Our Planet

Topic overview Climate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000AD The evidence for climate change Natural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effect The consequences of climate change The world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulation How global circulation produces extreme weather Tropical storms: causes, distribution and frequency A drought caused by El Niño or La Niña

Fieldwork Skills

Topic overview Framing an enquiry question and choosing your methods Presenting, analysing and explaining fieldwork data Concluding, and evaluating the enquiry

Geographical Skills

Topic overview Constructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transects Coordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a map Gradient, contours, spot heights and GIS Choosing, constructing and presenting graphs and charts Reading and interpreting the main graph and chart types Number, area, scale and the relationships between units Proportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spread Percentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheets Reading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate data Trend lines and lines of best fit Predicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentation Drawing and justifying conclusions from data Interpreting images and written sources, and recognising bias Judging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images

Landscapes of the UK

Topic overview The UK’s upland, lowland and glaciated landscapes Geomorphic processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and deposition River landforms and how they form Coastal landforms and how they form Two UK landscape case studies: a river basin and a coastline

People of the Planet

Topic overview Defining and measuring development The global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCs Why development is uneven, and the role of aid A developing or emerging country: its context and economy Rostow’s model and the country’s path of development Cities, megacities and world cities Why urban growth rates differ around the world Rapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effects A major city in a poorer or emerging country

People of the UK

Topic overview The UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the world The UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalities Uneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growth How the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900 Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first century Urban trends in the UK and their effects A major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life

UK Environmental Challenges

Topic overview Air masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weather A UK flood event: causes, effects and responses How people use, modify and change UK ecosystems The UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sources Changing UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable use Renewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuels What shapes the UK’s energy choices

Fieldwork Skills

Framing an enquiry question and choosing your methods

3 things to know
Component 03

Overview

Questions that fieldwork can answer, the six stages of an enquiry, hypotheses, checking a location, primary and secondary data, systematic, random and stratified sampling, and how river discharge and velocity, beach profiles and environmental quality surveys are measured.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Explain the hypothesis, the primary data and the random sampling used when planning a fieldwork enquiry.

Process

How does an environmental quality survey work?

Key term

What is a hypothesis in an investigation?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What makes a question one that can actually be answered by going out and collecting data?
Model answer
It must be about something measurable or observable at a place you can reach safely in the time available, and it must test a geographical idea rather than a matter of taste.
2
What are the six stages of a geographical enquiry, in order?
Model answer
Setting a question or hypothesis, planning and collecting the data, processing and presenting it, analysing and explaining it, reaching a conclusion, and evaluating the whole investigation.
3
What is a hypothesis in an investigation?
Model answer
A statement predicting a pattern or relationship, written so that the data collected can either support it or reject it.
4
Why does asking whether a place is “nice” have to be rewritten before it can be investigated?
Model answer
Because “nice” has no agreed measure, so it must be turned into something scoreable such as litter, noise, upkeep and traffic on a fixed scale.
5
What should be checked about a location before an investigation is planned there?
Model answer
That it is safe and accessible, that permission is held where it is needed, and that it shows enough variation for the question to have an answer.
6
What is primary data?
Model answer
Data that you collect yourself in the field, such as your own river velocity readings, land use records or questionnaire responses.

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Ecosystems of the Planet

Environmental Threats to Our Planet

Fieldwork Skills

Geographical Skills

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The trade winds drive warm surface water .

westwardseastwardsnorthwards

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AMore sunspots mean the Sun is giving out more energy.

BMore reaches the Earth and the climate warms.

CFewer sunspots mean a cooler climate.

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Obliquity means the angle of tilt of the Earth's axis.

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