Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
People of the Planet
- 9 subtopics
- 27 things to know
- Component 02
What People of the Planet covers
People of the Planet is examined in Component 02, The World Around Us. It covers Defining and measuring development, the global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCs, why development is uneven, and the role of aid, A developing or emerging country: its context and economy, Rostow’s model and the country’s path of development, cities, megacities and world cities, why urban growth rates differ around the world, rapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effects and A major city in a poorer or emerging country.
The 9 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Defining and measuring developmentWhat development means, its economic, social and environmental definitions, sustainable development, gross national income per capita and its limits, the Human Development Index, and what internet users do and do not reveal.Open →
- The global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsUneven development, what life expectancy and infant mortality reveal, how indicators show what it means for people, how it drives migration, advanced countries, emerging and developing countries and low-income developing countries, where each group lies, and how the global pattern has changed.Open →
- Why development is uneven, and the role of aidPhysical reasons a country struggles to develop, the legacy of colonial rule, dependence on raw material exports, exploitation of natural resources, conflict and debt, short-term emergency and long-term development aid, bilateral and multilateral aid, tied aid, and how aid can hinder development.Open →
- A developing or emerging country: its context and economyHow location, landscape, climate, ecosystems, resources, political stability and links with other states shape a country's development, imports and exports, foreign direct investment, employment structure, population, education, healthcare, mobile technology and aid, and Nigeria's oil exports, political history, investment by Shell and China, and freedom from wild polio.Open →
- Rostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentThe five stages of Rostow’s model, from traditional society through the preconditions for take-off, take-off and the drive to maturity to the age of high mass consumption, placing a country on the model, and criticisms of its single path, its neglect of trade and debt, and its assumption of forward change.Open →
- Cities, megacities and world citiesWhat makes a settlement a city, megacities against world cities, how megacity numbers have risen, where the earliest and today's megacities lie, and where growth will be fastest.Open →
- Why urban growth rates differ around the worldUrbanisation against urban growth, slow urban growth in advanced countries, residents leaving large cities for smaller towns, inner-city decline and people moving back in, the fastest growth in low-income developing countries, emerging countries compared with the poorest, natural increase, and why fast growth makes a city hard to govern.Open →
- Rapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsPush and pull factors in rural to urban migration, why young adults leave the countryside, the mechanisation of farming, natural growth, squatter settlements, the informal economy, and the social, economic and environmental consequences of rapid urbanisation.Open →
- A major city in a poorer or emerging countryA city's place in its country, region and the wider world, national and international migration and how it changes a city, culture, ethnicity, consumption and leisure, the challenges of housing, transport and waste and sustainable ways of tackling them, and Lagos, with Makoko, its bus rapid transit and Blue Line, and the Olusosun dump.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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What is uneven development, and how do advanced countries differ from emerging and developing ones?
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What is foreign direct investment, and what does it bring to and cost a developing country?
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What does development mean when countries are compared?
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What does uneven development mean when the countries of the world are compared?
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Why does depending on exports of raw materials keep a country poor?
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What is meant by the exploitation of a poorer country’s natural resources?
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Why does the landscape of a country affect its economic development?
Process
Name the five stages of Rostow’s model in order.
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What is a traditional society in Rostow’s model?
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What is a megacity?
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What is a world city?
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What does urbanisation measure?
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What is the difference between urbanisation and urban growth?
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What is a push factor in rural to urban migration?
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Give three pull factors that draw people to cities in poorer countries.
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What gives a city in an emerging country importance in the wider world?
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What is national migration into a city?
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What does an economic definition of development look at?
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How does uneven development between countries encourage international migration?
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How can conflict and debt hold a country back?
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How can climate help or limit a country’s economy?
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What happens during the preconditions for take-off?
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What is the difference between a megacity and a world city?
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Why is urban growth slow in advanced countries today?
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Why do rural areas in poorer countries lose their young adults in particular?
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What is international migration into a city?
Take People of the Planet further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Megacity vs World city
Megacity: an urban area with a population of more than ten million people. World city: a settlement whose influence over finance, trade, politics and culture reaches far beyond its country.
Urbanisation vs Urban growth
Urbanisation: the rising proportion of a population living in towns and cities. Urban growth: the rise in the number of people living in towns and cities.
Emergency aid vs Development aid
Emergency aid: food, water, shelter and medical help sent quickly after a disaster. Development aid: money, equipment and training given over many years to build schools, clinics and water supplies.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does development mean when countries are compared?
Model answer
The progress a country has made in raising the wealth, quality of life and wellbeing of its people.
- 2
What does an economic definition of development look at?
Model answer
The wealth a country produces, average incomes, and the range of industries and jobs available.
- 3
What does a social definition of development look at?
Model answer
Quality of life, including health care, education, clean water, housing and equality between groups.
- 4
What does an environmental definition of development look at?
Model answer
How far a country protects its air, water, soils and wildlife as its economy grows.
- 5
What is meant by sustainable development?
Model answer
Growth that meets the needs of people today without preventing future generations from meeting their own needs.
- 6
Why can rapid economic growth work against sustainable development?
Model answer
It can use resources and pollute faster than the environment can replace or absorb them, leaving less for the future.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
People of the Planet revision questions
- What does People of the Planet cover in OCR GCSE Geography A?
- 9 subtopics: defining and measuring development, the global pattern of development: acs, edcs and lidcs, why development is uneven, and the role of aid, a developing or emerging country: its context and economy, rostow’s model and the country’s path of development, cities, megacities and world cities, why urban growth rates differ around the world, rapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effects and a major city in a poorer or emerging country. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is People of the Planet organised?
- By the OCR J383 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in People of the Planet, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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