Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
People of the Planet
Rapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effects
- 3 things to know
- Component 02
Overview
Push and pull factors in rural to urban migration, why young adults leave the countryside, the mechanisation of farming, natural growth, squatter settlements, the informal economy, and the social, economic and environmental consequences of rapid urbanisation.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Give three pull factors that draw people to cities in poorer countries.
Key term
Why do rural areas in poorer countries lose their young adults in particular?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is a push factor in rural to urban migration?
Model answer
A hardship that drives people away from the countryside, such as failed harvests, low wages or having no land of their own.
- 2
Give three pull factors that draw people to cities in poorer countries.
Model answer
The chance of paid work, better schools and hospitals, and services such as piped water and electricity.
- 3
Why do rural areas in poorer countries lose their young adults in particular?
Model answer
Young people are the most able to travel and the ones looking for work and education in the city.
- 4
How can the mechanisation of farming cause rural to urban migration?
Model answer
Machines replace farm labourers, so families lose their income and move to the city to look for work.
- 5
Besides migration, what makes cities in poorer countries grow so quickly?
Model answer
Natural growth, because the many young adults who live there have children once they have arrived.
- 6
What is a squatter settlement?
Model answer
An area of self-built housing on land the occupiers do not own, usually without water, sanitation or electricity.
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