Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
Landscapes of the UK
Geomorphic processes: weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport and deposition
- 3 things to know
- Component 01
Overview
Weathering against erosion, freeze-thaw, chemical and biological weathering, mass movement, sliding and slumping, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and solution, traction, saltation and suspension, and why deposition takes place.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How do abrasion, hydraulic action and attrition each erode rock in a river or at the coast?
Key term
How does freeze-thaw, the main type of mechanical weathering, break up rock?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Model answer
Weathering breaks rock down where it stands without moving it, while erosion wears rock away and carries the loosened material off.
- 2
How does freeze-thaw, the main type of mechanical weathering, break up rock?
Model answer
Water collects in a crack and expands as it freezes below 0 °C, widening the crack, and repeated freezing and thawing eventually splits the rock apart.
- 3
What happens during chemical weathering?
Model answer
Slightly acidic rainwater reacts with minerals in the rock and dissolves them, as when carbonation slowly eats away limestone.
- 4
Give two ways living things cause biological weathering.
Model answer
Plant roots grow into cracks and prise the rock apart, and burrowing animals loosen and break up material.
- 5
What is mass movement?
Model answer
The downhill movement of rock, soil and mud under gravity, often triggered when heavy rain makes the material heavier and more slippery.
- 6
What happens when material slides down a slope?
Model answer
A mass of material moves rapidly straight downslope along a flat surface of weakness, keeping much of its original shape.
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