Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
Geographical Skills
Predicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentation
- 3 things to know
- Component 03
Overview
Interpolation and extrapolation, predicting from a steady rate of growth, the assumption behind every trend, and why axes without zero or units, percentages without totals, crowded pie charts and chosen years mislead.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What is wrong with a graph whose axes carry no units?
Key term
Why is a percentage quoted without the total it came from weak evidence?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is interpolation?
Model answer
Estimating a value that lies inside the range of the data already collected.
- 2
What is extrapolation?
Model answer
Extending a trend beyond the range of the data in order to estimate a value that was never measured.
- 3
Why is extrapolation less reliable than interpolation?
Model answer
It assumes the trend carries on unchanged outside the measured range, which it may well not do.
- 4
A settlement has been growing steadily by 2000 people a year and stood at 50 000 people one year. What would you predict for five years later?
Model answer
About 60 000 people, if the same rate of growth continues.
- 5
What assumption does every prediction taken from a trend rest on?
Model answer
That the conditions producing the trend will stay the same in the future.
- 6
Why is a vertical axis that does not begin at zero misleading?
Model answer
It cuts off the bottom of the bars or line, so small differences look far larger than they really are.
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