Process
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
People of the Planet
Rostow’s model and the country’s path of development
- 3 things to know
- Component 02
Overview
The five stages of Rostow’s model, from traditional society through the preconditions for take-off, take-off and the drive to maturity to the age of high mass consumption, placing a country on the model, and criticisms of its single path, its neglect of trade and debt, and its assumption of forward change.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is a traditional society in Rostow’s model?
Key term
What happens during the preconditions for take-off?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the five stages of Rostow’s model in order.
Model answer
Traditional society, preconditions for take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and the age of high mass consumption.
- 2
What is a traditional society in Rostow’s model?
Model answer
An economy of subsistence farming with simple technology, little trade and almost no surplus wealth to invest.
- 3
What happens during the preconditions for take-off?
Model answer
Farming becomes more commercial, roads, ports and power supplies are built, and money starts to be invested in industry.
- 4
What marks the take-off stage of Rostow’s model?
Model answer
Manufacturing grows rapidly in a few industries, cities expand fast, and investment takes a much larger share of national income.
- 5
What happens during the drive to maturity?
Model answer
Growth spreads into many industries, technology improves, and the country exports a wider range of manufactured goods.
- 6
What describes the age of high mass consumption?
Model answer
Incomes are high, most people work in services, and spending shifts towards consumer goods, travel and leisure.
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