Key term
OCR GCSE Geography A J383
Ecosystems of the Planet
Topic overviewAbiotic and biotic components, and how ecosystems interactThe world’s biomes: where they are and what they are likeWhere the tropical rainforests are, and what they are likeWhere the coral reefs are, and what they are likeRainforest processes and nutrient cyclingTwo threatened ecosystems: a rainforest and a coral reef
Environmental Threats to Our Planet
Topic overviewClimate change through the Quaternary, and since 1000ADThe evidence for climate changeNatural causes of climate change, and the enhanced greenhouse effectThe consequences of climate changeThe world’s climatic regions and global atmospheric circulationHow global circulation produces extreme weatherTropical storms: causes, distribution and frequencyA drought caused by El Niño or La Niña
Fieldwork Skills
Geographical Skills
Topic overviewConstructing maps, and reading cross-sections and transectsCoordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a mapGradient, contours, spot heights and GISChoosing, constructing and presenting graphs and chartsReading and interpreting the main graph and chart typesNumber, area, scale and the relationships between unitsProportion and ratio, and measures of central tendency and spreadPercentages and percentiles, and designing data collection sheetsReading tables, and describing relationships in bivariate dataTrend lines and lines of best fitPredicting from data, and spotting weak statistical presentationDrawing and justifying conclusions from dataInterpreting images and written sources, and recognising biasJudging the limits of maps, graphs, statistics and images
Landscapes of the UK
People of the Planet
Topic overviewDefining and measuring developmentThe global pattern of development: ACs, EDCs and LIDCsWhy development is uneven, and the role of aidA developing or emerging country: its context and economyRostow’s model and the country’s path of developmentCities, megacities and world citiesWhy urban growth rates differ around the worldRapid urbanisation in poorer countries: causes and effectsA major city in a poorer or emerging country
People of the UK
Topic overviewThe UK’s trade, media and cultural links with the worldThe UK’s geographical diversity and its inequalitiesUneven development within the UK, and the effects of economic growthHow the UK’s population structure has changed since 1900Immigration into the UK in the twenty-first centuryUrban trends in the UK and their effectsA major UK city: its people, challenges and ways of life
UK Environmental Challenges
Topic overviewAir masses, the North Atlantic Drift and the UK’s extreme weatherA UK flood event: causes, effects and responsesHow people use, modify and change UK ecosystemsThe UK’s renewable and non-renewable energy sourcesChanging UK energy supply and demand, and sustainable useRenewables in the UK, and the future of fossil fuelsWhat shapes the UK’s energy choices
Geographical Skills
Coordinates, scale, distance and reading information from a map
- 3 things to know
- Component 03
Overview
Eastings and northings, four and six-figure grid references, what a scale of 1:50 000 means, measuring distance and winding routes, compass bearings, and reading settlement patterns, tourism and change from a map.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
In which order are the numbers of a grid reference read?
Key term
What does a four-figure grid reference identify?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What are eastings and northings?
Model answer
Eastings are the grid lines numbered across a map from left to right, and northings are the lines numbered from the bottom upwards.
- 2
In which order are the numbers of a grid reference read?
Model answer
Eastings first and northings second, so you read along the bottom of the square before going up the side.
- 3
What does a four-figure grid reference identify?
Model answer
The one-kilometre grid square whose bottom left corner those two pairs of numbers meet at.
- 4
How much more precise is a six-figure grid reference than a four-figure one?
Model answer
It divides each grid square into tenths both ways, fixing a position to about 100 m.
- 5
What does a scale of 1:50 000 mean?
Model answer
One centimetre on the map stands for 50 000 cm on the ground, which is 500 m or half a kilometre.
- 6
Two farms lie 6 cm apart on a 1:50 000 map. How far apart are they on the ground?
Model answer
3 km, because each centimetre stands for half a kilometre.
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