How is the structure of a vein suited to its function?

A vein has a thin wall and a wide lumen, so blood flows easily at low pressure. Valves inside veins stop the blood flowing backwards.

Which artery and which vein break the usual pattern of oxygen content?

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to the heart.

What is the function of capillaries?

Capillaries are where substances pass between the blood and the tissues. Oxygen and glucose pass into the muscles, and carbon dioxide passes into the blood.

Edexcel GCSE Physical Education 1PE0

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Functions and classification of bones Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column Joints and the movements they allow Ligaments, tendons and muscle types Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres The heart, circulation and blood Blood vessels and vascular shunting Breathing, lung volumes and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic energy release Short-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview First, second and third class levers Mechanical advantage and disadvantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness, exercise and performance Components of fitness The purpose and value of fitness testing Fitness tests and normative data Principles of training Training methods and fitness classes Long-term effects of training PARQ, sports injuries and RICE Performance-enhancing drugs Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Interpreting data and normative comparisons

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Personal exercise programmes and lifestyle choices A sedentary lifestyle and its consequences A balanced diet and the macronutrients Micronutrients, water, fibre and hydration Optimum weight and energy balance

Sport Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Practice structures Goal setting and SMART targets Types of guidance Types of feedback Mental preparation for performance

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation rates and personal factors Commercialisation and the media Advantages and disadvantages of commercialisation Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Blood vessels and vascular shunting

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

The structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries, blood pressure during exercise, vasoconstriction, vasodilation and vascular shunting.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is the function of arteries?

Key term

How is the structure of an artery suited to its function?

Key term

What is the function of veins?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is the function of arteries?
Model answer
Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure. Most arteries carry oxygenated blood.
2
How is the structure of an artery suited to its function?
Model answer
An artery has a thick, muscular and elastic wall around a narrow lumen. The wall withstands high pressure and stretches with each heartbeat.
3
What is the function of veins?
Model answer
Veins carry blood back towards the heart at low pressure. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood.
4
How is the structure of a vein suited to its function?
Model answer
A vein has a thin wall and a wide lumen, so blood flows easily at low pressure. Valves inside veins stop the blood flowing backwards.
5
Which artery and which vein break the usual pattern of oxygen content?
Model answer
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to the heart.
6
What is the function of capillaries?
Model answer
Capillaries are where substances pass between the blood and the tissues. Oxygen and glucose pass into the muscles, and carbon dioxide passes into the blood.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

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Most veins carry blood.

deoxygenatedoxygenatedheated

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Sprain means a stretched or torn ligament at a joint.

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