What role do the clavicle and scapula play when a player throws a ball?

The clavicle and scapula form the shoulder girdle, linking the arm to the trunk. The scapula forms the socket of the shoulder joint and anchors the throwing muscles.

Name the five regions of the vertebral column from top to bottom.

The five regions are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx.

What is the role of the cervical vertebrae in sport?

The seven cervical vertebrae form the neck and support the head. The top two, the atlas and axis, let a netball player turn the head to look for a pass.

What is the role of the thoracic vertebrae?

The twelve thoracic vertebrae form the upper back and join to the ribs. The thoracic vertebrae help make up the ribcage that protects the heart and lungs.

Edexcel GCSE Physical Education 1PE0

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Functions and classification of bones Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column Joints and the movements they allow Ligaments, tendons and muscle types Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres The heart, circulation and blood Blood vessels and vascular shunting Breathing, lung volumes and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic energy release Short-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview First, second and third class levers Mechanical advantage and disadvantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness, exercise and performance Components of fitness The purpose and value of fitness testing Fitness tests and normative data Principles of training Training methods and fitness classes Long-term effects of training PARQ, sports injuries and RICE Performance-enhancing drugs Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Interpreting data and normative comparisons

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Personal exercise programmes and lifestyle choices A sedentary lifestyle and its consequences A balanced diet and the macronutrients Micronutrients, water, fibre and hydration Optimum weight and energy balance

Sport Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Practice structures Goal setting and SMART targets Types of guidance Types of feedback Mental preparation for performance

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation rates and personal factors Commercialisation and the media Advantages and disadvantages of commercialisation Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

The cranium, clavicle, scapula, ribs and sternum, the five regions of the vertebral column, and the bones of the arm, hand, leg and foot with their roles in sport.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Which lower leg bone carries the body's weight?

Key term

Which bone encloses the brain, and how is it classified?

Key term

Classify the clavicle and the scapula.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Which bone encloses the brain, and how is it classified?
Model answer
The cranium encloses the brain and is a flat bone. The cranium protects the brain from impacts, for example when a footballer heads the ball.
2
Classify the clavicle and the scapula.
Model answer
The clavicle is a long bone. The scapula is a flat bone.
3
What role do the clavicle and scapula play when a player throws a ball?
Model answer
The clavicle and scapula form the shoulder girdle, linking the arm to the trunk. The scapula forms the socket of the shoulder joint and anchors the throwing muscles.
4
Name the five regions of the vertebral column from top to bottom.
Model answer
The five regions are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx.
5
What is the role of the cervical vertebrae in sport?
Model answer
The seven cervical vertebrae form the neck and support the head. The top two, the atlas and axis, let a netball player turn the head to look for a pass.
6
What is the role of the thoracic vertebrae?
Model answer
The twelve thoracic vertebrae form the upper back and join to the ribs. The thoracic vertebrae help make up the ribcage that protects the heart and lungs.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

Use of Data

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

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Most veins carry blood.

deoxygenatedoxygenatedheated

Blank Blitz consolidates the facts

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AToo much information can overload a beginner.

BComplex movements are hard to describe in words.

CLong explanations can also bore performers.

Build It trains answer structure

Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Sprain means a stretched or torn ligament at a joint.

TrueFalse

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Spot the fault in a statement. The traps are the mistakes students actually make.

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