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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Short-term effects of exercise

  • 3 things to know
  • Component 1

Overview

Lactate accumulation and muscle fatigue, the rise in heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output with worked calculations, faster and deeper breathing, and reading heart rate graphs.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Describe a graph of heart rate from rest, through steady exercise, to recovery.

Key term

What is lactate accumulation?

Key term

How does lactate accumulation lead to a fall in performance?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is lactate accumulation?

    Model answer

    Lactate accumulation is the build-up of lactate in the blood and muscles. Lactate accumulates when exercise becomes intense enough to be anaerobic.

  2. 2

    How does lactate accumulation lead to a fall in performance?

    Model answer

    Lactate build-up makes the muscles more acidic, so they cannot contract as forcefully. The performer feels pain and has to slow down or stop.

  3. 3

    What is muscle fatigue?

    Model answer

    Muscle fatigue is when a muscle can no longer contract with its usual force or speed. Muscle fatigue is caused by lactic acid build-up and energy stores running low.

  4. 4

    How can a performer limit the effects of lactate accumulation during a long event?

    Model answer

    A performer can pace the effort to stay below the intensity at which lactate builds quickly. An active cool down afterwards helps to remove lactate.

  5. 5

    What is heart rate?

    Model answer

    Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in one minute, measured in beats per minute (bpm).

  6. 6

    What happens to heart rate just before and during exercise?

    Model answer

    The anticipatory rise is a small increase in heart rate before exercise, caused by adrenaline. Heart rate then climbs sharply once exercise begins.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology
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