How do beta blockers improve performance, and in which sports might they be misused?

Beta blockers block the effects of adrenaline, which lowers heart rate and reduces shaking. Archers, shooters and snooker players might misuse them for a steadier aim.

What are the negative effects of beta blockers?

Beta blockers can cause tiredness, nausea and poor sleep. Heart rate and blood pressure can fall too low.

What are diuretics, and why might a boxer misuse them?

Diuretics increase the amount of urine produced, which causes rapid weight loss. A boxer might use diuretics to make a lower weight category.

Edexcel GCSE Physical Education 1PE0

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Functions and classification of bones Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column Joints and the movements they allow Ligaments, tendons and muscle types Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres The heart, circulation and blood Blood vessels and vascular shunting Breathing, lung volumes and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic energy release Short-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview First, second and third class levers Mechanical advantage and disadvantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness, exercise and performance Components of fitness The purpose and value of fitness testing Fitness tests and normative data Principles of training Training methods and fitness classes Long-term effects of training PARQ, sports injuries and RICE Performance-enhancing drugs Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Interpreting data and normative comparisons

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Personal exercise programmes and lifestyle choices A sedentary lifestyle and its consequences A balanced diet and the macronutrients Micronutrients, water, fibre and hydration Optimum weight and energy balance

Sport Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Practice structures Goal setting and SMART targets Types of guidance Types of feedback Mental preparation for performance

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation rates and personal factors Commercialisation and the media Advantages and disadvantages of commercialisation Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance

Physical Training

Performance-enhancing drugs

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

Anabolic steroids, beta blockers, diuretics, narcotic analgesics, EPO, growth hormone, stimulants and blood doping, with their effects on performance and their risks.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What are the negative effects of anabolic steroids on health?

Key term

Why are performance-enhancing drugs banned in sport?

Key term

What are anabolic steroids, and who might be tempted to use them?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why are performance-enhancing drugs banned in sport?
Model answer
Performance-enhancing drugs give an unfair advantage over performers who compete clean. Many of the drugs also carry serious risks to health.
2
What are anabolic steroids, and who might be tempted to use them?
Model answer
Anabolic steroids are artificial versions of testosterone that increase muscle size and strength. Power athletes such as sprinters and weightlifters might use them to recover faster and train harder.
3
What are the negative effects of anabolic steroids on health?
Model answer
Anabolic steroids can cause liver damage, heart disease and high blood pressure. Users may also suffer mood swings and aggression. Women can develop male features such as facial hair.
4
How do beta blockers improve performance, and in which sports might they be misused?
Model answer
Beta blockers block the effects of adrenaline, which lowers heart rate and reduces shaking. Archers, shooters and snooker players might misuse them for a steadier aim.
5
What are the negative effects of beta blockers?
Model answer
Beta blockers can cause tiredness, nausea and poor sleep. Heart rate and blood pressure can fall too low.
6
What are diuretics, and why might a boxer misuse them?
Model answer
Diuretics increase the amount of urine produced, which causes rapid weight loss. A boxer might use diuretics to make a lower weight category.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

Use of Data

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

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Most veins carry blood.

deoxygenatedoxygenatedheated

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Rapid timed gap-fills on the terms and numbers you need to recall without thinking.

AToo much information can overload a beginner.

BComplex movements are hard to describe in words.

CLong explanations can also bore performers.

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Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Sprain means a stretched or torn ligament at a joint.

TrueFalse

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Spot the fault in a statement. The traps are the mistakes students actually make.

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