Where is the pectoralis major, and what is its function?

The pectoralis major is the large muscle across the chest. The pectoralis major adducts the arm at the shoulder, as in a forehand drive in tennis.

Where is the latissimus dorsi, and what is its function?

The latissimus dorsi covers the sides of the back. The latissimus dorsi adducts and extends the arm at the shoulder, as in the pull phase of butterfly.

Where are the external obliques, and what is their function?

The external obliques run down the sides of the abdomen. The external obliques rotate the trunk and bend it sideways, as in a golf swing.

Edexcel GCSE Physical Education 1PE0

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Functions and classification of bones Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column Joints and the movements they allow Ligaments, tendons and muscle types Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres The heart, circulation and blood Blood vessels and vascular shunting Breathing, lung volumes and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic energy release Short-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview First, second and third class levers Mechanical advantage and disadvantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness, exercise and performance Components of fitness The purpose and value of fitness testing Fitness tests and normative data Principles of training Training methods and fitness classes Long-term effects of training PARQ, sports injuries and RICE Performance-enhancing drugs Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Interpreting data and normative comparisons

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Personal exercise programmes and lifestyle choices A sedentary lifestyle and its consequences A balanced diet and the macronutrients Micronutrients, water, fibre and hydration Optimum weight and energy balance

Sport Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Practice structures Goal setting and SMART targets Types of guidance Types of feedback Mental preparation for performance

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation rates and personal factors Commercialisation and the media Advantages and disadvantages of commercialisation Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

The location and function of the twelve named voluntary muscles, and the antagonistic pairs at the elbow, knee, ankle and hip in sporting actions.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Where is the deltoid, and what movement does it produce?

Key term

Where is the biceps, and what is its function?

Key term

Where is the triceps, and what is its function?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Where is the deltoid, and what movement does it produce?
Model answer
The deltoid covers the top of the shoulder. The deltoid lifts the arm at the shoulder, mainly by abduction, as when the arms swing out sideways in a star jump.
2
Where is the biceps, and what is its function?
Model answer
The biceps is at the front of the upper arm. The biceps flexes the arm at the elbow, as in the upward phase of a pull-up.
3
Where is the triceps, and what is its function?
Model answer
The triceps is at the back of the upper arm. The triceps extends the arm at the elbow, as when a netball player makes a chest pass.
4
Where is the pectoralis major, and what is its function?
Model answer
The pectoralis major is the large muscle across the chest. The pectoralis major adducts the arm at the shoulder, as in a forehand drive in tennis.
5
Where is the latissimus dorsi, and what is its function?
Model answer
The latissimus dorsi covers the sides of the back. The latissimus dorsi adducts and extends the arm at the shoulder, as in the pull phase of butterfly.
6
Where are the external obliques, and what is their function?
Model answer
The external obliques run down the sides of the abdomen. The external obliques rotate the trunk and bend it sideways, as in a golf swing.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

Physical Training

Use of Data

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Most veins carry blood.

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Sprain means a stretched or torn ligament at a joint.

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