A lever is a rigid bar that turns about a fixed point. The bones act as the levers in the body.

In the body's lever systems, what acts as the fulcrum, the effort and the load?

The joint is the fulcrum and the muscle provides the effort. The load is the weight of the body part and anything it is moving.

How is a first class lever arranged?

A first class lever has the fulcrum between the effort and the load.

Give a sporting example of a first class lever at the neck.

A first class lever operates at the neck as a footballer tilts the head back before heading the ball. The top of the spine is the fulcrum, with the neck muscles behind it and the head in front.

How does the elbow act as a first class lever?

The elbow is a first class lever when it extends, as in the release of a javelin. The triceps pulls behind the joint and the load is in the hand beyond it.

Edexcel GCSE Physical Education 1PE0

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Topic overview Functions and classification of bones Bones of the skeleton and the vertebral column Joints and the movements they allow Ligaments, tendons and muscle types Voluntary muscles and antagonistic pairs Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres The heart, circulation and blood Blood vessels and vascular shunting Breathing, lung volumes and gas exchange Aerobic and anaerobic energy release Short-term effects of exercise

Movement Analysis

Topic overview First, second and third class levers Mechanical advantage and disadvantage Planes and axes of movement

Physical Training

Topic overview Health, fitness, exercise and performance Components of fitness The purpose and value of fitness testing Fitness tests and normative data Principles of training Training methods and fitness classes Long-term effects of training PARQ, sports injuries and RICE Performance-enhancing drugs Warm up and cool down

Use of Data

Topic overview Collecting and presenting data Interpreting data and normative comparisons

Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Topic overview Physical, emotional and social health and wellbeing Personal exercise programmes and lifestyle choices A sedentary lifestyle and its consequences A balanced diet and the macronutrients Micronutrients, water, fibre and hydration Optimum weight and energy balance

Sport Psychology

Topic overview Classification of skills Practice structures Goal setting and SMART targets Types of guidance Types of feedback Mental preparation for performance

Socio-Cultural Influences

Topic overview Participation rates and personal factors Commercialisation and the media Advantages and disadvantages of commercialisation Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance

Movement Analysis

First, second and third class levers

3 things to know
Component 1

Overview

The parts of a lever, how first, second and third class levers are arranged, sporting examples at the neck, elbow, ankle, knee and hip, and the F-L-E memory aid.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Which lever class is most common in the body, and how is the middle part of each class remembered?

Key term

What is a lever?

Key term

Name the three parts of a lever.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is a lever?
Model answer
A lever is a rigid bar that turns about a fixed point. The bones act as the levers in the body.
2
Name the three parts of a lever.
Model answer
A lever has a fulcrum, an effort and a load.
3
In the body's lever systems, what acts as the fulcrum, the effort and the load?
Model answer
The joint is the fulcrum and the muscle provides the effort. The load is the weight of the body part and anything it is moving.
4
How is a first class lever arranged?
Model answer
A first class lever has the fulcrum between the effort and the load.
5
Give a sporting example of a first class lever at the neck.
Model answer
A first class lever operates at the neck as a footballer tilts the head back before heading the ball. The top of the spine is the fulcrum, with the neck muscles behind it and the head in front.
6
How does the elbow act as a first class lever?
Model answer
The elbow is a first class lever when it extends, as in the release of a javelin. The triceps pulls behind the joint and the load is in the hand beyond it.

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Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Movement Analysis

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