Explain the interrelationship between media technologies and patterns of consumption.

New technologies change how audiences access and consume media, altering consumption patterns such as when, where and how often media is consumed.

How do new media technologies affect patterns of audience response?

New technologies change how audiences react to and engage with media, enabling new forms of response such as commenting, sharing and interactive participation.

How has on-demand access changed the way audiences consume television?

Audiences choose when and in what order to watch rather than following a broadcast schedule, which weakens the shared simultaneous experience that scheduled television created.

What is binge watching and what has enabled it?

The consumption of several episodes of a series in one sitting, enabled by full-series releases and continuous playback on streaming services.

What is time-shifting?

Recording or streaming a programme to watch at a time of the viewer's choosing rather than at the moment it is broadcast.

What is second screening?

The use of a phone, tablet or laptop while watching television, often to discuss the programme, look up information about it or consume unrelated content simultaneously.

AQA A-Level Media Studies 7572

Media Language

Topic overview Codes and conventions Constructing meaning through media language Genre, hybridity and intertextuality Viewpoints, ideology and audience interpretation Semiotics: signs and their types Semiotics: paradigm, syntagm and anchorage Barthes: denotation, connotation and myth Narratology: narrative codes and diegesis Todorov: equilibrium, disruption and new equilibrium Genre theory as summarised by Neale Structuralism: binary oppositions and mythemes Structuralism: ideological reading and deconstruction Postmodernism: pastiche, bricolage and implosion Baudrillard: simulacra, simulation and hyperreality

Media Representation

Topic overview Constructing representations Why producers make the representational choices they do Social and cultural context in representation Stereotypes: positive and negative use Under-representation and misrepresentation Representation, realism and the values it carries Industry contexts and representational choice Discourse, ideology and audience positioning Theories of representation: stereotypes and countertypes Theories of representation: misrepresentation and selective representation Theories of representation: ideology, hegemony and constructed reality Hall on representation: encoding and decoding Theories of identity as summarised by Gauntlett Feminist theories: the male gaze and patriarchy Feminist theories: van Zoonen and hooks Theories of gender performativity Theories around ethnicity and postcolonial theory

Media Industries

Topic overview Production, distribution and circulation Ownership and control Economics and funding of media industries Marketing and maintaining audiences Regulation of media in the UK Digital convergence and the individual producer Regulation in global production and circulation Curran and Seaton: regulation, deregulation and the free market Curran and Seaton: concentration, conglomerates and public service broadcasting Curran and Seaton: neo-liberalism, surveillance and privacy Curran and Seaton: the central argument Livingstone and Lunt: the public sphere and governance Livingstone and Lunt: media literacy Livingstone and Lunt: power, value and globalisation Cultural industries as summarised by Hesmondhalgh

Media Audiences

Topic overview Grouping and categorising audiences Targeting, attracting, reaching and addressing audiences Media technologies and patterns of consumption Mass and specialised audiences Niche and fan audiences Audience interpretation and its circumstances Media effects: uses and gratifications Media effects: hypodermic needle and moral panic Media effects: media literacy Bandura: social learning and imitation Cultivation theory: socialisation and the bardic function Gerbner: cultivation differential, mainstreaming and resonance Reception theory: agenda setting, framing and myth making Hall on reception: the three reading positions Fandom 'End of audience' theories

Contexts of the Media

Topic overview Social context Cultural context Economic context Political context Historical context Analysing media products in context

Media Forms and Products

Topic overview Advertising and marketing Music video Radio Newspapers Film as an industry Television Magazines Online, social and participatory media Video games

The Cross-Media Production and Assessment

Topic overview Close study products and how they are used The NEA brief and its requirements The Statement of Intent Applying the theoretical framework in production Producing across platforms for a specified audience Extended response and synopticity

Media Audiences

Media technologies and patterns of consumption

2 things to know
Media One and Media Two

Overview

On-demand access, binge viewing, time-shifting, second screening, algorithmic recommendation, filter bubbles and paywalls.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

How has on-demand access changed consumption?

Key term

How do recommendation algorithms shape consumption?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Explain the interrelationship between media technologies and patterns of consumption.
Model answer
New technologies change how audiences access and consume media, altering consumption patterns such as when, where and how often media is consumed.
2
How do new media technologies affect patterns of audience response?
Model answer
New technologies change how audiences react to and engage with media, enabling new forms of response such as commenting, sharing and interactive participation.
3
How has on-demand access changed the way audiences consume television?
Model answer
Audiences choose when and in what order to watch rather than following a broadcast schedule, which weakens the shared simultaneous experience that scheduled television created.
4
What is binge watching and what has enabled it?
Model answer
The consumption of several episodes of a series in one sitting, enabled by full-series releases and continuous playback on streaming services.
5
What is time-shifting?
Model answer
Recording or streaming a programme to watch at a time of the viewer's choosing rather than at the moment it is broadcast.
6
What is second screening?
Model answer
The use of a phone, tablet or laptop while watching television, often to discuss the programme, look up information about it or consume unrelated content simultaneously.

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Media Language

Media Representation

Media Industries

Media Audiences

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Postmodernism holds that the hierarchy has .

collapsedstrengthenedwidened

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AAccessing media forms the first component.

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CCritically evaluating content forms the third.

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Denotation means the literal, common-sense meaning of a sign.

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