Process
AQA A-Level Media Studies 7572
Media Language
Topic overviewCodes and conventionsConstructing meaning through media languageGenre, hybridity and intertextualityViewpoints, ideology and audience interpretationSemiotics: signs and their typesSemiotics: paradigm, syntagm and anchorageBarthes: denotation, connotation and mythNarratology: narrative codes and diegesisTodorov: equilibrium, disruption and new equilibriumGenre theory as summarised by NealeStructuralism: binary oppositions and mythemesStructuralism: ideological reading and deconstructionPostmodernism: pastiche, bricolage and implosionBaudrillard: simulacra, simulation and hyperreality
Media Representation
Topic overviewConstructing representationsWhy producers make the representational choices they doSocial and cultural context in representationStereotypes: positive and negative useUnder-representation and misrepresentationRepresentation, realism and the values it carriesIndustry contexts and representational choiceDiscourse, ideology and audience positioningTheories of representation: stereotypes and countertypesTheories of representation: misrepresentation and selective representationTheories of representation: ideology, hegemony and constructed realityHall on representation: encoding and decodingTheories of identity as summarised by GauntlettFeminist theories: the male gaze and patriarchyFeminist theories: van Zoonen and hooksTheories of gender performativityTheories around ethnicity and postcolonial theory
Media Industries
Topic overviewProduction, distribution and circulationOwnership and controlEconomics and funding of media industriesMarketing and maintaining audiencesRegulation of media in the UKDigital convergence and the individual producerRegulation in global production and circulationCurran and Seaton: regulation, deregulation and the free marketCurran and Seaton: concentration, conglomerates and public service broadcastingCurran and Seaton: neo-liberalism, surveillance and privacyCurran and Seaton: the central argumentLivingstone and Lunt: the public sphere and governanceLivingstone and Lunt: media literacyLivingstone and Lunt: power, value and globalisationCultural industries as summarised by Hesmondhalgh
Media Audiences
Topic overviewGrouping and categorising audiencesTargeting, attracting, reaching and addressing audiencesMedia technologies and patterns of consumptionMass and specialised audiencesNiche and fan audiencesAudience interpretation and its circumstancesMedia effects: uses and gratificationsMedia effects: hypodermic needle and moral panicMedia effects: media literacyBandura: social learning and imitationCultivation theory: socialisation and the bardic functionGerbner: cultivation differential, mainstreaming and resonanceReception theory: agenda setting, framing and myth makingHall on reception: the three reading positionsFandom'End of audience' theories
Contexts of the Media
Media Forms and Products
Media Representation
Why producers make the representational choices they do
- 3 things to know
- Media One and Media Two
Overview
Institutional factors, target audience, genre, ideology, budget, team composition and editorial guidelines.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Process
Why do target audience considerations affect how representations are constructed?
Process
How does the intended platform affect representational choices?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How do institutional factors influence the representational choices made by media producers?
Model answer
Institutional factors such as the organisation's values, policies, and working practices shape what representations are deemed appropriate or desirable to produce.
- 2
Why do target audience considerations affect how representations are constructed?
Model answer
Producers tailor representations to appeal to, engage, or be understood by their intended audience, influencing content, style, and perspective.
- 3
How do genre conventions influence representational choices in media?
Model answer
Genre conventions establish expected codes and patterns that producers follow or subvert, shaping how subjects are typically represented within that genre.
- 4
In what way do ideological positions affect the representations media producers create?
Model answer
Producers' ideological positions influence which perspectives, values, and worldviews are embedded in and promoted through their representations.
- 5
How do production budgets influence the representations that get made?
Model answer
Limited resources constrain casting, locations and production values, which narrows the range of what can be depicted and can push producers towards familiar and cheaper representational choices.
- 6
Why does the composition of a production team affect the representations it creates?
Model answer
The perspectives and experiences present in the team shape which details are noticed, which assumptions go unquestioned and which groups are represented with knowledge rather than from outside.
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