What does the term media concentration describe?

The process whereby fewer companies own an increasing share of media outlets, reducing diversity of ownership.

According to Curran and Seaton, what is the consequence of media concentration for audiences?

It limits the range of voices and perspectives available to audiences, as ownership becomes concentrated in fewer hands.

Explain why Curran and Seaton see media concentration as a threat to democracy.

Because fewer owners means fewer voices and perspectives, limiting the diversity of information and viewpoints available to citizens.

What is Public Service Broadcasting (PSB)?

Broadcasting with a remit to inform, educate and entertain all citizens regardless of commercial viability, whether funded by the licence fee like the BBC or by advertising like ITV and Channel 4.

Why do Curran and Seaton value Public Service Broadcasting?

They argue PSB provides an alternative to profit-driven media by prioritising public interest over commercial gain.

How does PSB differ from commercially-driven media in its priorities?

PSB prioritises informing, educating and entertaining all citizens regardless of profit, while commercial media prioritises content that generates revenue.

AQA A-Level Media Studies 7572

Media Language

Topic overview Codes and conventions Constructing meaning through media language Genre, hybridity and intertextuality Viewpoints, ideology and audience interpretation Semiotics: signs and their types Semiotics: paradigm, syntagm and anchorage Barthes: denotation, connotation and myth Narratology: narrative codes and diegesis Todorov: equilibrium, disruption and new equilibrium Genre theory as summarised by Neale Structuralism: binary oppositions and mythemes Structuralism: ideological reading and deconstruction Postmodernism: pastiche, bricolage and implosion Baudrillard: simulacra, simulation and hyperreality

Media Representation

Topic overview Constructing representations Why producers make the representational choices they do Social and cultural context in representation Stereotypes: positive and negative use Under-representation and misrepresentation Representation, realism and the values it carries Industry contexts and representational choice Discourse, ideology and audience positioning Theories of representation: stereotypes and countertypes Theories of representation: misrepresentation and selective representation Theories of representation: ideology, hegemony and constructed reality Hall on representation: encoding and decoding Theories of identity as summarised by Gauntlett Feminist theories: the male gaze and patriarchy Feminist theories: van Zoonen and hooks Theories of gender performativity Theories around ethnicity and postcolonial theory

Media Industries

Topic overview Production, distribution and circulation Ownership and control Economics and funding of media industries Marketing and maintaining audiences Regulation of media in the UK Digital convergence and the individual producer Regulation in global production and circulation Curran and Seaton: regulation, deregulation and the free market Curran and Seaton: concentration, conglomerates and public service broadcasting Curran and Seaton: neo-liberalism, surveillance and privacy Curran and Seaton: the central argument Livingstone and Lunt: the public sphere and governance Livingstone and Lunt: media literacy Livingstone and Lunt: power, value and globalisation Cultural industries as summarised by Hesmondhalgh

Media Audiences

Topic overview Grouping and categorising audiences Targeting, attracting, reaching and addressing audiences Media technologies and patterns of consumption Mass and specialised audiences Niche and fan audiences Audience interpretation and its circumstances Media effects: uses and gratifications Media effects: hypodermic needle and moral panic Media effects: media literacy Bandura: social learning and imitation Cultivation theory: socialisation and the bardic function Gerbner: cultivation differential, mainstreaming and resonance Reception theory: agenda setting, framing and myth making Hall on reception: the three reading positions Fandom 'End of audience' theories

Contexts of the Media

Topic overview Social context Cultural context Economic context Political context Historical context Analysing media products in context

Media Forms and Products

Topic overview Advertising and marketing Music video Radio Newspapers Film as an industry Television Magazines Online, social and participatory media Video games

The Cross-Media Production and Assessment

Topic overview Close study products and how they are used The NEA brief and its requirements The Statement of Intent Applying the theoretical framework in production Producing across platforms for a specified audience Extended response and synopticity

Media Industries

Curran and Seaton: concentration, conglomerates and public service broadcasting

2 things to know
Media One and Media Two

Overview

Media concentration as a democratic problem, conglomerate ownership, globalisation, and the case for public service broadcasting.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is media concentration?

Key term

What is Public Service Broadcasting?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What does the term media concentration describe?
Model answer
The process whereby fewer companies own an increasing share of media outlets, reducing diversity of ownership.
2
According to Curran and Seaton, what is the consequence of media concentration for audiences?
Model answer
It limits the range of voices and perspectives available to audiences, as ownership becomes concentrated in fewer hands.
3
Explain why Curran and Seaton see media concentration as a threat to democracy.
Model answer
Because fewer owners means fewer voices and perspectives, limiting the diversity of information and viewpoints available to citizens.
4
What is Public Service Broadcasting (PSB)?
Model answer
Broadcasting with a remit to inform, educate and entertain all citizens regardless of commercial viability, whether funded by the licence fee like the BBC or by advertising like ITV and Channel 4.
5
Why do Curran and Seaton value Public Service Broadcasting?
Model answer
They argue PSB provides an alternative to profit-driven media by prioritising public interest over commercial gain.
6
How does PSB differ from commercially-driven media in its priorities?
Model answer
PSB prioritises informing, educating and entertaining all citizens regardless of profit, while commercial media prioritises content that generates revenue.

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Media Language

Media Representation

Media Industries

Media Audiences

Cram a whole paper in one sitting

Sort every topic into what you know and what you do not, then drill only the weak ones.

Postmodernism holds that the hierarchy has .

collapsedstrengthenedwidened

Blank Blitz makes facts automatic

Rapid timed gap-fills on the terms and numbers you need to recall without thinking.

AAccessing media forms the first component.

BUnderstanding media content forms the second.

CCritically evaluating content forms the third.

Build It gets the exam shape right

Assemble a full-mark answer from its marking points, in the order an examiner wants them.

Denotation means the literal, common-sense meaning of a sign.

TrueFalse

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