What is neo-liberalism as an economic and political ideology?

An ideology favouring free markets, privatisation, deregulation and reduced state intervention in the economy including media industries.

How have neo-liberal policies affected media ownership according to Curran and Seaton?

Neo-liberal policies have enabled increased media concentration by removing regulatory barriers to ownership.

What would happen to media ownership diversity if neo-liberal policies were fully implemented according to Curran and Seaton?

Ownership would become more concentrated as regulatory barriers preventing consolidation would be removed.

What does surveillance refer to in the context of media industries?

The monitoring and collection of data about audiences and their behaviour by media organisations.

Give an example of what surveillance by media organisations might involve.

Tracking audience viewing habits, collecting data on online behaviour, or monitoring what content users engage with.

What are privacy concerns in relation to media industries?

Concerns relating to the protection of personal information and the extent to which media companies can collect, store and use audience data.

AQA A-Level Media Studies 7572

Media Language

Topic overview Codes and conventions Constructing meaning through media language Genre, hybridity and intertextuality Viewpoints, ideology and audience interpretation Semiotics: signs and their types Semiotics: paradigm, syntagm and anchorage Barthes: denotation, connotation and myth Narratology: narrative codes and diegesis Todorov: equilibrium, disruption and new equilibrium Genre theory as summarised by Neale Structuralism: binary oppositions and mythemes Structuralism: ideological reading and deconstruction Postmodernism: pastiche, bricolage and implosion Baudrillard: simulacra, simulation and hyperreality

Media Representation

Topic overview Constructing representations Why producers make the representational choices they do Social and cultural context in representation Stereotypes: positive and negative use Under-representation and misrepresentation Representation, realism and the values it carries Industry contexts and representational choice Discourse, ideology and audience positioning Theories of representation: stereotypes and countertypes Theories of representation: misrepresentation and selective representation Theories of representation: ideology, hegemony and constructed reality Hall on representation: encoding and decoding Theories of identity as summarised by Gauntlett Feminist theories: the male gaze and patriarchy Feminist theories: van Zoonen and hooks Theories of gender performativity Theories around ethnicity and postcolonial theory

Media Industries

Topic overview Production, distribution and circulation Ownership and control Economics and funding of media industries Marketing and maintaining audiences Regulation of media in the UK Digital convergence and the individual producer Regulation in global production and circulation Curran and Seaton: regulation, deregulation and the free market Curran and Seaton: concentration, conglomerates and public service broadcasting Curran and Seaton: neo-liberalism, surveillance and privacy Curran and Seaton: the central argument Livingstone and Lunt: the public sphere and governance Livingstone and Lunt: media literacy Livingstone and Lunt: power, value and globalisation Cultural industries as summarised by Hesmondhalgh

Media Audiences

Topic overview Grouping and categorising audiences Targeting, attracting, reaching and addressing audiences Media technologies and patterns of consumption Mass and specialised audiences Niche and fan audiences Audience interpretation and its circumstances Media effects: uses and gratifications Media effects: hypodermic needle and moral panic Media effects: media literacy Bandura: social learning and imitation Cultivation theory: socialisation and the bardic function Gerbner: cultivation differential, mainstreaming and resonance Reception theory: agenda setting, framing and myth making Hall on reception: the three reading positions Fandom 'End of audience' theories

Contexts of the Media

Topic overview Social context Cultural context Economic context Political context Historical context Analysing media products in context

Media Forms and Products

Topic overview Advertising and marketing Music video Radio Newspapers Film as an industry Television Magazines Online, social and participatory media Video games

The Cross-Media Production and Assessment

Topic overview Close study products and how they are used The NEA brief and its requirements The Statement of Intent Applying the theoretical framework in production Producing across platforms for a specified audience Extended response and synopticity

Media Industries

Curran and Seaton: neo-liberalism, surveillance and privacy

2 things to know
Media One and Media Two

Overview

Neo-liberalism and ownership, surveillance as a question of power, and the tension between personalisation and privacy.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is neo-liberalism?

Key term

What does surveillance mean in media industries?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is neo-liberalism as an economic and political ideology?
Model answer
An ideology favouring free markets, privatisation, deregulation and reduced state intervention in the economy including media industries.
2
How have neo-liberal policies affected media ownership according to Curran and Seaton?
Model answer
Neo-liberal policies have enabled increased media concentration by removing regulatory barriers to ownership.
3
What would happen to media ownership diversity if neo-liberal policies were fully implemented according to Curran and Seaton?
Model answer
Ownership would become more concentrated as regulatory barriers preventing consolidation would be removed.
4
What does surveillance refer to in the context of media industries?
Model answer
The monitoring and collection of data about audiences and their behaviour by media organisations.
5
Give an example of what surveillance by media organisations might involve.
Model answer
Tracking audience viewing habits, collecting data on online behaviour, or monitoring what content users engage with.
6
What are privacy concerns in relation to media industries?
Model answer
Concerns relating to the protection of personal information and the extent to which media companies can collect, store and use audience data.

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AAccessing media forms the first component.

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Denotation means the literal, common-sense meaning of a sign.

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