What is conglomerate ownership in the media industries?

Conglomerate ownership occurs when a single parent company owns multiple media companies across different sectors.

How does vertical integration give a company control over its own products' route to market?

By owning the successive stages from production through distribution to exhibition, the company can guarantee its own output access to audiences and retain the revenue taken at each stage.

What is diversification in media industries?

Diversification is when a media company expands into different media sectors or industries to spread risk and increase revenue streams.

Why are patterns of ownership and control significant in terms of representation?

They affect the range of voices and perspectives represented in media.

How do patterns of ownership and control influence media content?

They influence the types of content produced and how it is distributed.

What is horizontal integration in the media industries?

The ownership of several companies operating at the same stage of the process, such as a group owning a number of separate newspaper titles or radio stations.

AQA A-Level Media Studies 7572

Media Language

Topic overview Codes and conventions Constructing meaning through media language Genre, hybridity and intertextuality Viewpoints, ideology and audience interpretation Semiotics: signs and their types Semiotics: paradigm, syntagm and anchorage Barthes: denotation, connotation and myth Narratology: narrative codes and diegesis Todorov: equilibrium, disruption and new equilibrium Genre theory as summarised by Neale Structuralism: binary oppositions and mythemes Structuralism: ideological reading and deconstruction Postmodernism: pastiche, bricolage and implosion Baudrillard: simulacra, simulation and hyperreality

Media Representation

Topic overview Constructing representations Why producers make the representational choices they do Social and cultural context in representation Stereotypes: positive and negative use Under-representation and misrepresentation Representation, realism and the values it carries Industry contexts and representational choice Discourse, ideology and audience positioning Theories of representation: stereotypes and countertypes Theories of representation: misrepresentation and selective representation Theories of representation: ideology, hegemony and constructed reality Hall on representation: encoding and decoding Theories of identity as summarised by Gauntlett Feminist theories: the male gaze and patriarchy Feminist theories: van Zoonen and hooks Theories of gender performativity Theories around ethnicity and postcolonial theory

Media Industries

Topic overview Production, distribution and circulation Ownership and control Economics and funding of media industries Marketing and maintaining audiences Regulation of media in the UK Digital convergence and the individual producer Regulation in global production and circulation Curran and Seaton: regulation, deregulation and the free market Curran and Seaton: concentration, conglomerates and public service broadcasting Curran and Seaton: neo-liberalism, surveillance and privacy Curran and Seaton: the central argument Livingstone and Lunt: the public sphere and governance Livingstone and Lunt: media literacy Livingstone and Lunt: power, value and globalisation Cultural industries as summarised by Hesmondhalgh

Media Audiences

Topic overview Grouping and categorising audiences Targeting, attracting, reaching and addressing audiences Media technologies and patterns of consumption Mass and specialised audiences Niche and fan audiences Audience interpretation and its circumstances Media effects: uses and gratifications Media effects: hypodermic needle and moral panic Media effects: media literacy Bandura: social learning and imitation Cultivation theory: socialisation and the bardic function Gerbner: cultivation differential, mainstreaming and resonance Reception theory: agenda setting, framing and myth making Hall on reception: the three reading positions Fandom 'End of audience' theories

Contexts of the Media

Topic overview Social context Cultural context Economic context Political context Historical context Analysing media products in context

Media Forms and Products

Topic overview Advertising and marketing Music video Radio Newspapers Film as an industry Television Magazines Online, social and participatory media Video games

The Cross-Media Production and Assessment

Topic overview Close study products and how they are used The NEA brief and its requirements The Statement of Intent Applying the theoretical framework in production Producing across platforms for a specified audience Extended response and synopticity

Media Industries

Ownership and control

5 things to know
Media One and Media Two

Overview

Conglomerate ownership, vertical and horizontal integration, synergy, diversification and cross-media ownership.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What is vertical integration?

Key term

What is horizontal integration?

Key term

What is a media conglomerate?

Key term

What is synergy in a media conglomerate?

Key term

What is diversification?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is conglomerate ownership in the media industries?
Model answer
Conglomerate ownership occurs when a single parent company owns multiple media companies across different sectors.
2
How does vertical integration give a company control over its own products' route to market?
Model answer
By owning the successive stages from production through distribution to exhibition, the company can guarantee its own output access to audiences and retain the revenue taken at each stage.
3
What is diversification in media industries?
Model answer
Diversification is when a media company expands into different media sectors or industries to spread risk and increase revenue streams.
4
Why are patterns of ownership and control significant in terms of representation?
Model answer
They affect the range of voices and perspectives represented in media.
5
How do patterns of ownership and control influence media content?
Model answer
They influence the types of content produced and how it is distributed.
6
What is horizontal integration in the media industries?
Model answer
The ownership of several companies operating at the same stage of the process, such as a group owning a number of separate newspaper titles or radio stations.

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Media Language

Media Representation

Media Industries

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Postmodernism holds that the hierarchy has .

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AAccessing media forms the first component.

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Denotation means the literal, common-sense meaning of a sign.

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