Key term
CCEA A-Level Environmental Technology 3930
Fossil Fuels
Global Action on Energy Conservation and Climate Change
Macrogeneration
Microgeneration
Energy From Wind
Topic overviewHorizontal and vertical axis wind turbinesKinetic energy, wind power and the Betz limitPower curves, rated output and energy lossesSwept area, blade length and turbine massAir density, hub height and turbine sitingPower control, yawing and survival speedChoosing a location for a commercial wind farm
Energy From the Sun
Topic overviewSolar radiation, tracking and concentrating solar powerFlat plate and evacuated tube collectorsSizing a domestic solar thermal systemPhotovoltaic cells and semiconductor wafersTypes of photovoltaic module comparedPlanning regulations and solar incentivesPassive solar design in new and existing buildings
Energy From Biomass
Energy Storage
Plastics for the Future
Topic overviewCrude oil as a fuel and a feedstockRefinery gases and the making of polymersPersistent plastic waste and the Great Pacific Garbage PatchToxic gases from incinerating plasticsBiodegradable, photodegradable and compostable plasticsTesting photodegradable plastic against polytheneBio-derived polyethylene and a sustainable plastics future
Renewable Energy Investigations
Sustainable Development
Waste Management
Waste to Energy Technologies
Land Contamination and Remediation
Topic overviewContaminated land, risk and traditional remediationBioremediation principles and bioreactor systemsMicro-organisms that degrade named pollutantsBioremediation benefits and genetically engineered microbesPhytoremediation of metals and other elementsPhytoextraction with Indian mustard and alpine pennycressBiohydrometallurgy and phytomining of ores
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Transport System Challenges
Energy Performance of Buildings
Emerging Technologies
Sustainable Urban and Rural Communities
The Code for Sustainable Homes
Topic overviewPurpose, levels and assessment of the CodeEnergy, carbon dioxide and water categoriesMaterials, surface water run-off and waste categoriesPollution, health and wellbeing, management and ecology categoriesMeasuring the performance of an existing buildingPerformance profiles, improvements and evaluation
Land Contamination and Remediation
Bioremediation benefits and genetically engineered microbes
- 3 things to know
- A2 1
Overview
Cost and environmental benefits of bioremediation with a worked saving, public acceptance, its disadvantages and when dig and dump is preferred, Chakrabarty's bacterium, engineered microbes and biosensors, and their risks.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What are the environmental benefits of bioremediation compared with dig and dump?
Key term
How does bioremediation benefit a site's future use?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Why is bioremediation usually cheaper than traditional remediation?
Model answer
Bioremediation treats soil on site with simple equipment, avoiding excavation, haulage and landfill tax. Costs per tonne are often a fraction of dig and dump.
- 2
Treating 3,000 tonnes of oily soil by dig and dump costs £150 per tonne, while a biopile costs £40 per tonne. How much does bioremediation save?
Model answer
Bioremediation saves £330,000. Dig and dump costs 3,000 × £150 = £450,000, and the biopile costs 3,000 × £40 = £120,000.
- 3
What are the environmental benefits of bioremediation compared with dig and dump?
Model answer
Bioremediation destroys organic pollutants rather than moving them to another site. The method uses little energy, avoids lorry traffic and preserves the soil.
- 4
How does bioremediation benefit a site's future use?
Model answer
Treated soil keeps its structure and biology, so it can support plants again. The site can often stay partly in use during treatment.
- 5
Why is bioremediation more publicly acceptable than incinerating contaminated soil?
Model answer
Bioremediation is a natural process with no smoke or stack emissions. Local residents face less noise and traffic.
- 6
What are the disadvantages of bioremediation compared with traditional methods?
Model answer
Bioremediation is slow, often taking months or years. The method may not reach low enough concentrations, and results are less predictable.
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