A bus emitting 1,000 g of CO₂ per km carries 40 passengers, and a car emitting 140 g per km carries 1.2 people. Compare their emissions per passenger-kilometre.

The bus emits 25 g per passenger-kilometre and the car about 117 g. The working is 1,000 ÷ 40 = 25 g and 140 ÷ 1.2 = 117 g.

Give a Northern Ireland example of improved public transport designed to cut car use.

Belfast's Glider is a bus rapid transit service launched in 2018 that crosses the city from east to west. Dedicated bus lanes and frequent services give quick, reliable journeys.

How do walking and cycling reduce transport demand on the roads?

Journeys on foot or by bike replace short car trips with zero-emission travel. The health benefits add to the savings in fuel and congestion.

CCEA A-Level Environmental Technology 3930

Fossil Fuels

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Global Action on Energy Conservation and Climate Change

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Macrogeneration

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Microgeneration

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Energy From Wind

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Energy From the Sun

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Topic overview Defining biomass and its main categories Energy crops grown for biomass Advantages and disadvantages of biomass fuel Combustion, woodchip and fuel quality Gasification and syngas Biogas and commercial anaerobic digesters

Energy Storage

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Plastics for the Future

Topic overview Crude oil as a fuel and a feedstock Refinery gases and the making of polymers Persistent plastic waste and the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Toxic gases from incinerating plastics Biodegradable, photodegradable and compostable plastics Testing photodegradable plastic against polythene Bio-derived polyethylene and a sustainable plastics future

Renewable Energy Investigations

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Sustainable Development

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Waste Management

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Waste to Energy Technologies

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Land Contamination and Remediation

Topic overview Contaminated land, risk and traditional remediation Bioremediation principles and bioreactor systems Micro-organisms that degrade named pollutants Bioremediation benefits and genetically engineered microbes Phytoremediation of metals and other elements Phytoextraction with Indian mustard and alpine pennycress Biohydrometallurgy and phytomining of ores

Hydrogen Fuel Cells

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Transport System Challenges

Topic overview Four key challenges for future transport New vehicle technologies and their infrastructure Bioethanol production and the heat energy of ethanol Biodiesel and the biofuel debate Strategies to reduce transport demand

Energy Performance of Buildings

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Emerging Technologies

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Sustainable Urban and Rural Communities

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The Code for Sustainable Homes

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Transport System Challenges

Strategies to reduce transport demand

3 things to know
A2 1

Overview

Public transport with a per-passenger emissions calculation, the Belfast Glider, walking and cycling, fuel and vehicle taxation, congestion charging, air travel levies, videoconferencing, apps and which approaches work best.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why is reducing transport demand as important as making vehicles cleaner?

Key term

How can public transport reduce the environmental impact of travel?

Key term

What limits the effectiveness of public transport in reducing car use?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why is reducing transport demand as important as making vehicles cleaner?
Model answer
Every journey avoided saves energy and emissions whatever the vehicle. Fewer journeys also mean less congestion, fewer accidents and less road building.
2
How can public transport reduce the environmental impact of travel?
Model answer
A well-used bus or train carries many passengers, so the energy and emissions per person are far lower than by car. Good public transport also eases congestion.
3
A bus emitting 1,000 g of CO₂ per km carries 40 passengers, and a car emitting 140 g per km carries 1.2 people. Compare their emissions per passenger-kilometre.
Model answer
The bus emits 25 g per passenger-kilometre and the car about 117 g. The working is 1,000 ÷ 40 = 25 g and 140 ÷ 1.2 = 117 g.
4
What limits the effectiveness of public transport in reducing car use?
Model answer
Public transport only attracts drivers if it is frequent, reliable and affordable. Rural areas with scattered populations are hard to serve economically.
5
Give a Northern Ireland example of improved public transport designed to cut car use.
Model answer
Belfast's Glider is a bus rapid transit service launched in 2018 that crosses the city from east to west. Dedicated bus lanes and frequent services give quick, reliable journeys.
6
How do walking and cycling reduce transport demand on the roads?
Model answer
Journeys on foot or by bike replace short car trips with zero-emission travel. The health benefits add to the savings in fuel and congestion.

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Fossil Fuels

Global Action on Energy Conservation and Climate Change

Macrogeneration

Microgeneration

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