Key term
CCEA A-Level Environmental Technology 3930
Fossil Fuels
Global Action on Energy Conservation and Climate Change
Macrogeneration
Microgeneration
Energy From Wind
Topic overviewHorizontal and vertical axis wind turbinesKinetic energy, wind power and the Betz limitPower curves, rated output and energy lossesSwept area, blade length and turbine massAir density, hub height and turbine sitingPower control, yawing and survival speedChoosing a location for a commercial wind farm
Energy From the Sun
Topic overviewSolar radiation, tracking and concentrating solar powerFlat plate and evacuated tube collectorsSizing a domestic solar thermal systemPhotovoltaic cells and semiconductor wafersTypes of photovoltaic module comparedPlanning regulations and solar incentivesPassive solar design in new and existing buildings
Energy From Biomass
Energy Storage
Plastics for the Future
Topic overviewCrude oil as a fuel and a feedstockRefinery gases and the making of polymersPersistent plastic waste and the Great Pacific Garbage PatchToxic gases from incinerating plasticsBiodegradable, photodegradable and compostable plasticsTesting photodegradable plastic against polytheneBio-derived polyethylene and a sustainable plastics future
Renewable Energy Investigations
Sustainable Development
Waste Management
Waste to Energy Technologies
Land Contamination and Remediation
Topic overviewContaminated land, risk and traditional remediationBioremediation principles and bioreactor systemsMicro-organisms that degrade named pollutantsBioremediation benefits and genetically engineered microbesPhytoremediation of metals and other elementsPhytoextraction with Indian mustard and alpine pennycressBiohydrometallurgy and phytomining of ores
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Transport System Challenges
Energy Performance of Buildings
Emerging Technologies
Sustainable Urban and Rural Communities
The Code for Sustainable Homes
Topic overviewPurpose, levels and assessment of the CodeEnergy, carbon dioxide and water categoriesMaterials, surface water run-off and waste categoriesPollution, health and wellbeing, management and ecology categoriesMeasuring the performance of an existing buildingPerformance profiles, improvements and evaluation
Waste to Energy Technologies
Embodied energy
- 3 things to know
- A2 1
Overview
Embodied energy and embodied carbon, cradle-to-gate and cradle-to-grave, aluminium's high embodied energy, why recycling saves more than burning, recycling calculations, transport distance, buildings and reducing embodied energy.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Why does recycling a material save more energy than burning it in an energy from waste plant?
Key term
Define embodied energy.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define embodied energy.
Model answer
Embodied energy is the total energy used to produce a product. The total covers extracting raw materials, processing, manufacturing and transporting them.
- 2
What is the difference between cradle-to-gate and cradle-to-grave embodied energy?
Model answer
Cradle-to-gate counts energy from extraction until the product leaves the factory. Cradle-to-grave also includes use, maintenance and final disposal.
- 3
In what units is the embodied energy of a material usually quoted?
Model answer
Embodied energy is usually quoted in megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg). A product's total is found by multiplying by its mass.
- 4
Why does aluminium have a very high embodied energy?
Model answer
Aluminium ore must be mined, refined into alumina and then smelted by electrolysis. The electrolysis stage uses very large amounts of electricity.
- 5
How does recycling preserve embodied energy?
Model answer
Recycled material skips the extraction and primary processing stages. Much of the energy already invested in the material is kept in use.
- 6
Why does burning a material for energy recover less than recycling it saves?
Model answer
Incineration recovers only the material's calorific value. The energy used to extract, refine and manufacture the material is lost for good.
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