What solid residues does an energy from waste plant produce?

Incinerator bottom ash forms about a fifth to a quarter of the input mass. Air pollution control residues from the flue gas are hazardous and need special disposal.

How can incinerator bottom ash be used?

Metals are recovered from the ash with magnets and eddy current separators. The remaining ash can be processed into aggregate for road building.

By how much does incineration reduce the volume of waste?

Incineration reduces the volume of waste by about 90%. Far less landfill space is needed for the residues.

CCEA A-Level Environmental Technology 3930

Fossil Fuels

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Global Action on Energy Conservation and Climate Change

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Macrogeneration

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Microgeneration

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Energy From Wind

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Energy From the Sun

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Energy From Biomass

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Energy Storage

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Plastics for the Future

Topic overview Crude oil as a fuel and a feedstock Refinery gases and the making of polymers Persistent plastic waste and the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Toxic gases from incinerating plastics Biodegradable, photodegradable and compostable plastics Testing photodegradable plastic against polythene Bio-derived polyethylene and a sustainable plastics future

Renewable Energy Investigations

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Sustainable Development

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Waste Management

Topic overview Landfill dependence and the landfill tax Waste types, priority waste streams and EU directives The waste management hierarchy Recycling at a Materials Recovery Facility Landfill decomposition, methane and leachate Engineered landfill: dry tomb and bioreactor designs

Waste to Energy Technologies

Topic overview Embodied energy Incineration with energy recovery Digester design: solids content, residence time and staging Stages of anaerobic digestion and biogas CHP Composting and catering waste

Land Contamination and Remediation

Topic overview Contaminated land, risk and traditional remediation Bioremediation principles and bioreactor systems Micro-organisms that degrade named pollutants Bioremediation benefits and genetically engineered microbes Phytoremediation of metals and other elements Phytoextraction with Indian mustard and alpine pennycress Biohydrometallurgy and phytomining of ores

Hydrogen Fuel Cells

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Transport System Challenges

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Energy Performance of Buildings

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Emerging Technologies

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Sustainable Urban and Rural Communities

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The Code for Sustainable Homes

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Waste to Energy Technologies

Incineration with energy recovery

3 things to know
A2 1

Overview

The moving-grate energy from waste plant, flue gas cleaning, bottom ash and its uses, volume reduction, advantages and disadvantages, the renewable share, CHP, an energy output calculation, and pyrolysis and gasification of waste.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is an energy from waste plant?

Key term

Outline how a moving-grate incinerator recovers energy from waste.

Key term

How are the flue gases from an energy from waste plant cleaned?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is an energy from waste plant?
Model answer
An energy from waste plant burns residual waste under controlled conditions. The heat raises steam to generate electricity, and sometimes supplies heat as well.
2
Outline how a moving-grate incinerator recovers energy from waste.
Model answer
Waste burns on a moving grate as air is blown through it. Hot flue gases heat a boiler, and the steam drives a turbine and generator.
3
How are the flue gases from an energy from waste plant cleaned?
Model answer
Lime neutralises acid gases, and activated carbon adsorbs dioxins and mercury. Bag filters then trap fine particles before the gases leave the stack.
4
What solid residues does an energy from waste plant produce?
Model answer
Incinerator bottom ash forms about a fifth to a quarter of the input mass. Air pollution control residues from the flue gas are hazardous and need special disposal.
5
How can incinerator bottom ash be used?
Model answer
Metals are recovered from the ash with magnets and eddy current separators. The remaining ash can be processed into aggregate for road building.
6
By how much does incineration reduce the volume of waste?
Model answer
Incineration reduces the volume of waste by about 90%. Far less landfill space is needed for the residues.

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Fossil Fuels

Global Action on Energy Conservation and Climate Change

Macrogeneration

Microgeneration

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