Key term
OCR A-Level Biology B H422
The Developing Cell: Cell Division and Cell Differentiation
The Developing Individual: Meiosis, Growth and Development
The Development of Species: Evolution and Classification
Cells and Microscopy
Topic overviewMicroscopy and the cell theoryBlood smears, staining and microscope drawingsBlood cells and their structureMagnification and measuring cellsHaemocytometer cell counts and dilutionsFlow cytometry in blood analysisUltrastructure of the animal cellPlant and prokaryotic cellsMembrane lipids and the fluid mosaic modelMovement of molecules across membranesThe roles of membranes and the secretion of proteins
Water and Its Importance in Plants and Animals
Proteins and Enzymes
Nucleic Acids
Patterns of Inheritance
Population Genetics and Epigenetics
Gene Technologies
The Principles and Importance of Homeostasis
The Hormonal Control of Blood Glucose and the Management of Diabetes
Kidney Functions and Malfunctions
Topic overviewExcretion and the gross structure of the kidneyThe nephron: ultrafiltration and selective reabsorptionInvestigating the composition of urine, plasma and filtrateOsmoregulation and the action of ADHThe kidney as an endocrine gland and kidney failureDialysis, transplantation and the future of transplant surgery
The Cellular Basis of Cancer and Treatment
Respiratory Diseases and Treatment
Cellular Respiration
Metabolism and Exercise
Topic overviewThe consequences of exercise on the bodyAerobic fitness and VO₂ maxTraining, F.I.T.T. factors and investigating fitnessEnhancing athletic performanceHaemoglobin and the transport of oxygenOxygen dissociation curves of different respiratory pigmentsOxygen deficit and oxygen debtThe structure of skeletal muscleThe sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Pathogenic Microorganisms
The Immune System
Controlling Communicable Diseases
Photosynthesis, Food Production and Management of the Environment
Topic overviewChloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigmentsThe light-dependent stage of photosynthesisThe Calvin cycleInvestigating the factors affecting photosynthesisThe Hill reaction and DCPIPUsing TP and GP to build carbohydrates, lipids and amino acidsThe compensation point and crop productionMicroorganisms, the nitrogen cycle and biosensorsBiomass transfer and efficiency in food productionRuminants in the human food chainFarms as ecosystems and the conflict with conservationDeflected succession and measuring biodiversity
The Impact of Population Increase
Planning and Implementing Practical Work
Analysing and Evaluating Practical Results
Practical Skills, Apparatus and Techniques
Topic overviewInvestigative approaches and working safelyFollowing instructions, recording and presenting dataResearch, referencing and processing data with softwareMeasuring mass, volume, time, temperature, length and pHColorimeters and potometersLaboratory glassware and serial dilutionsLight microscopy, graticules and biological drawingQualitative reagents for biological moleculesChromatography and electrophoresisAseptic technique and dissectionWhole-organism responses, fieldwork sampling and data logging
Fertility and Assisted Reproduction
The Effects of Ageing on the Reproductive System
Plant Reproduction
The Nervous System and the Identification and Consequences of Damage
Topic overviewOrganisation of the nervous system and nervous tissueThe structure and function of the human brainThe structure of motor, sensory and relay neuronesResting potential and the action potentialSynapses and the integration of responsesReflexes, reaction times and their investigationBrain scans and the consequences of nervous system damageDrugs, brain function and dependency
Monitoring Visual Function
The Effect of Ageing on the Nervous System
The Heart and Monitoring Heart Function
Transport Systems in Mammals
Gas Exchange in Mammals and Plants
Kidney Functions and Malfunctions
The kidney as an endocrine gland and kidney failure
- 3 things to know
- Components 01, 02 and 03
Overview
Recall questions on the hormone that drives erythrocyte production, renin and angiotensin II raising blood pressure, the causes of kidney damage, albumin in urine, and estimating filtration rate.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
How can a kidney stone lead to kidney damage?
Key term
Why does kidney failure greatly raise the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which hormone secreted by the kidney controls the production of erythrocytes?
Model answer
Erythropoietin.
- 2
What stimulates the kidney to secrete erythropoietin?
Model answer
A fall in the oxygen concentration of the blood reaching the kidney.
- 3
How does erythropoietin restore the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood by negative feedback?
Model answer
Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes, so more haemoglobin is available and more oxygen is carried, and the resulting rise in blood oxygen reduces erythropoietin secretion again.
- 4
What is renin, and what causes the kidney to release it?
Model answer
Renin is an enzyme released by the kidney when the blood pressure or the blood sodium concentration falls.
- 5
How does renin lead to the formation of angiotensin II?
Model answer
Renin catalyses the conversion of the plasma protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme, mainly in the lungs.
- 6
Give two ways in which angiotensin II raises blood pressure.
Model answer
It causes the arterioles to constrict, which increases resistance, and it stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, which increases sodium and water reabsorption and so raises blood volume.
Other ways to work this
The same content, four other ways.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Every question in Kidney Functions and Malfunctions, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.