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The Principles and Importance of Homeostasis

The control of body temperature and the role of thyroxine

  • 3 things to know
  • Components 01, 02 and 03

Overview

Recall questions on peripheral and central temperature receptors, the hypothalamus, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, sweating and shivering, and thyroxine, its TRH and TSH pathway, negative feedback control and effect on metabolic rate in prolonged cold.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

How does sweating cool the body?

Key term

Why does the body need both peripheral and central temperature receptors?

Key term

How does vasodilation help to lower body temperature?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Where are the peripheral temperature receptors, and what do they detect?

    Model answer

    They are in the skin, where they detect the temperature of the body surface and of the surrounding air.

  2. 2

    Name the part of the brain that contains the thermoregulatory centre.

    Model answer

    The hypothalamus.

  3. 3

    Why does the body need both peripheral and central temperature receptors?

    Model answer

    The peripheral receptors give early warning of a change in external conditions so that corrections can begin before the core is affected, while the central receptors monitor the core temperature that is actually being regulated.

  4. 4

    How does vasodilation help to lower body temperature?

    Model answer

    The arterioles supplying the skin capillaries dilate, so more blood flows close to the body surface and more heat is lost by radiation and convection.

  5. 5

    How does vasoconstriction reduce heat loss in cold conditions?

    Model answer

    The arterioles supplying the surface capillaries of the skin constrict, so less blood flows near the surface and more is kept deeper in the body, reducing the heat lost by radiation.

  6. 6

    How does sweating cool the body?

    Model answer

    Sweat glands secrete water onto the skin surface, and the latent heat needed to evaporate that water is taken from the skin and the blood beneath it, so the body cools.

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