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The Developing Cell: Cell Division and Cell Differentiation

The cell cycle and mitosis

  • 4 things to know
  • Components 01, 02 and 03

Overview

Recall questions on the G1, S and G2 phases of interphase, the four stages of mitosis and what happens at each, cytokinesis and the cell plate in plants, and preparing and staining a root tip squash to calculate the mitotic index.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Process

Name the phases of interphase in order, state what happens to each chromosome in S phase, and define cytokinesis.

Process

Describe what happens to the chromosomes during mitosis and how they are made visible in a root tip squash.

Key term

Name the three phases of interphase in the order in which they occur.

Key term

What happens to each chromosome during the S phase of interphase?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Name the three phases of interphase in the order in which they occur.

    Model answer

    G1 (the first growth phase), then S (synthesis), then G2 (the second growth phase).

  2. 2

    What happens to each chromosome during the S phase of interphase?

    Model answer

    Each chromosome is replicated, so that it comes to consist of two identical sister chromatids joined at a centromere.

  3. 3

    Describe what a cell is doing during the G1 and G2 phases.

    Model answer

    In G1 the cell grows and makes new organelles and proteins ready for DNA replication, and in G2 it continues to grow, makes the proteins needed for division such as tubulin, and checks the replicated DNA for damage.

  4. 4

    Define cytokinesis.

    Model answer

    Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that follows nuclear division and separates the cell into two daughter cells.

  5. 5

    Explain why one turn of the cell cycle produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

    Model answer

    S phase makes an exact copy of every chromosome, and mitosis separates one copy of each chromosome into each daughter nucleus, so both nuclei receive the same alleles.

  6. 6

    State the four stages of mitosis in order.

    Model answer

    Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

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