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Water and Its Importance in Plants and Animals

Water as a transport medium and the composition of body fluids

  • 3 things to know
  • Components 01, 02 and 03

Overview

Recall questions on intracellular and extracellular fluid, the transpiration stream, cell sap and turgor, plasma, serum, tissue fluid and lymph, urine, the main electrolytes H⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻ and Mg²⁺, and what glucose or protein in urine suggests.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Numbers

Approximately what proportion of the cytoplasm of a typical cell is water?

Key term

What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Key term

What is the transpiration stream?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Approximately what proportion of the cytoplasm of a typical cell is water?

    Model answer

    Around 70 to 80% by mass.

  2. 2

    What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

    Model answer

    Intracellular fluid is the watery cytosol inside cells, whereas extracellular fluid is the water-based fluid outside them, including blood plasma, tissue fluid and lymph.

  3. 3

    What is the transpiration stream?

    Model answer

    It is the continuous movement of water from the roots, up the xylem and out of the leaves as water vapour, driven by evaporation from the mesophyll and held together by cohesion between the water molecules.

  4. 4

    Name two substances other than water that are transported in the transpiration stream.

    Model answer

    Dissolved mineral ions such as nitrate and magnesium ions.

  5. 5

    What is cell sap?

    Model answer

    Cell sap is the solution held in the large central vacuole of a plant cell, consisting of water with dissolved sugars, amino acids, mineral ions, organic acids and sometimes pigments.

  6. 6

    How does water maintain turgor in a plant cell?

    Model answer

    Water enters the vacuole by osmosis and pushes the cytoplasm against the cellulose cell wall; because water is incompressible the wall resists and a pressure builds up that makes the cell rigid and supports the tissue.

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