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Proteins and Enzymes

Blood donation and stored blood products

  • 3 things to know
  • Components 01, 02 and 03

Overview

Recall questions on ABO antigens and antibodies, agglutination after a mismatched transfusion, universal donors and recipients, the rhesus factor in pregnancy, donor criteria, screening and deferral, and leuco-depleted blood, packed red cells, platelets, clotting factor concentrates and stored plasma.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Give two reasons why blood donation services must constantly recruit new donors.

Key term

Why does group O blood contain both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

Key term

What happens if a patient of blood group A is given group B blood?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What determines a person's ABO blood group?

    Model answer

    The type of antigen carried on the surface of their erythrocytes: group A cells carry antigen A, group B carry antigen B, group AB carry both and group O carry neither.

  2. 2

    Which antibodies are present in the plasma of a person of blood group A?

    Model answer

    Anti-B antibodies.

  3. 3

    Why does group O blood contain both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

    Model answer

    Group O erythrocytes carry neither antigen, so the immune system treats both A and B antigens as foreign and antibodies against both are present in the plasma.

  4. 4

    What happens if a patient of blood group A is given group B blood?

    Model answer

    The recipient's anti-B antibodies bind to the B antigens on the donated cells and make them agglutinate, and the clumped cells block small vessels and are broken down, which can be fatal.

  5. 5

    Why is group O negative blood described as the universal donor type?

    Model answer

    Its erythrocytes carry neither A nor B antigens nor the rhesus D antigen, so there is nothing on them for a recipient's antibodies to bind to.

  6. 6

    Why can a person of group AB positive receive blood of any ABO and rhesus type?

    Model answer

    Their plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies and they already carry the rhesus D antigen, so no donated erythrocytes are recognised as foreign.

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