Key term
CCEA A-Level Physics 1210
Physical Quantities, Scalars and Vectors
Moments and Equilibrium
Linear Motion and Dynamics
Newton's Laws of Motion
Linear Momentum and Impulse
Work, Energy and Power
Current, Charge and Potential Difference
Resistance and Resistivity
Topic overviewResistance and Ohm's lawOhmic and non-ohmic behaviourResistors in series and in parallelInvestigating current, voltage and resistance in series and parallel circuitsElectrical power and energy in resistive circuitsResistivity and the equation R = ρl/AMeasuring the resistivity of a metalCurrent–voltage characteristics of a conductor, a lamp and a diodeResistance, temperature and superconductivity
Internal Resistance and Potential Dividers
Topic overviewInternal resistance and terminal potential differenceConsequences of internal resistance for external circuitsMeasuring electromotive force and internal resistanceThe potential divider and variable outputPotential dividers in lighting and heating control circuitsLoaded potential dividers and output voltage calculations
Waves
Refraction
Lenses
Superposition, Interference and Diffraction
Topic overviewSuperposition of wavesStanding waves, nodes and antinodesStanding waves on stretched stringsStanding waves in a pipe closed at one endMeasuring the speed of sound with a resonance tubeConditions for observable interferencePath difference and phase differenceYoung's double slitDiffraction at a single slitThe diffraction grating
Quantum Physics
Wave-Particle Duality
Astronomy
Practical Skills and Data Analysis
Topic overviewChoosing and using measuring instrumentsPrecision, accuracy and recording measurementsUsing the cathode ray oscilloscope to measure voltage and frequencyTables, graphs and presenting resultsLinearising a relationship and using the gradientAbsolute and percentage uncertaintyCombining uncertainties and uncertainty on a graphRandom and systematic error, reliability and refining an experiment
Deformation of Solids
Thermal Physics
Topic overviewBoyle's law, Charles's law and the pressure lawThe ideal gas equation pV = nRTThe Avogadro constant, the mole and pV = NkTInternal energy and the distribution of molecular energyThe kinetic theory equation pV = ⅓Nm⟨c²⟩Average molecular kinetic energy and temperatureAbsolute zero and the kelvin scaleSpecific heat capacity and the electrical method
Uniform Circular Motion
Simple Harmonic Motion
Topic overviewDefining simple harmonic motion and a = −ω²xDisplacement, velocity and acceleration: x = A cos ωtThe simple pendulum and T = 2π√(l/g)The loaded spiral spring and T = 2π√(m/k)SHM graphs and finding velocity from a gradientFree vibrations, forced vibrations and resonanceDamping: light, critical and over-damping
The Nucleus and Radioactive Decay
Topic overviewAlpha-particle scattering and the nuclear atomNuclear radius and nucleon numberThe density of nuclear matterAlpha, beta and gamma radiation: nature, penetration and rangeNuclear equations and changes in nucleon and proton numberThe random and exponential nature of radioactive decayActivity, the decay constant and A = −λNExponential decay calculations with A = A₀e^(−λt)Half-life and measuring it
Nuclear Energy, Fission and Fusion
Gravitational Fields
Electric Fields
Capacitors
Magnetic Fields
Charged Particles and Accelerators
Fundamental Particles
- 6 subtopics
- 18 things to know
- Unit A2 2
What Fundamental Particles covers
Fundamental Particles is examined in Unit A2 2, Fields, Capacitors and Particle Physics, and drawn on again in Unit A2 3, Practical Techniques and Data Analysis. It covers fundamental particles, the four fundamental forces, Classifying particles, quarks and the structure of hadrons, conservation laws and beta decay in the quark model.
Where it is assessed
Unit A2 2
Fields, Capacitors and Particle Physics, and again in Unit A2 3, Practical Techniques and Data Analysis.
Check the CCEA specification ↗The 6 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Fundamental particlesWhat is meant by a fundamental particle and two families of fundamental matter particles.Open →
- The four fundamental forcesFour fundamental forces, exchange particle of the strong force and exchange particles of the weak force.Open →
- Classifying particlesThree classes into which particles are divided, gauge bosons and six leptons.Open →
- Quarks and the structure of hadronsThree quarks needed at this level, charge of an antiquark compared with its quark and phenomenon called.Open →
- Conservation lawsRecall questions on conserving charge, lepton number and baryon number, the values assigned to a baryon, an antibaryon, a lepton and an antilepton, the baryon number of a single quark, checking all three for the decay of a neutron, why an antineutrino accompanies an electron, and using the rules to test whether a proposed interaction is allowed.Open →
- Beta decay in the quark modelBeta-minus decay at the quark level and beta-plus decay at the quark level.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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What happens in beta-minus decay, at the level of the particles and at the level of the quarks?
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Explain what is meant by a fundamental particle.
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Name the four fundamental forces.
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Name the three quarks that make up the common hadrons
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Name the three quantities that must be conserved in every particle interaction
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Name the two families of fundamental matter particles.
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Name the exchange particles of the weak force.
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Name the three classes into which particles are divided.
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Give the charge of the up quark.
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State the rule for conservation of charge.
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Write the equation for beta-minus decay of a neutron.
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How was it discovered that the proton is not fundamental?
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Name the proposed exchange particle of the gravitational force.
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What are gauge bosons?
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Give the charge of the down quark.
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What baryon number is assigned to a baryon, to an antibaryon and to any other particle?
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Describe beta-minus decay at the quark level.
Take Fundamental Particles further
The same content, four other ways.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Explain what is meant by a fundamental particle.
Model answer
A fundamental particle is one that has no internal structure and is not made up of anything smaller.
- 2
Is the proton a fundamental particle?
Model answer
No, because it is made of three quarks and therefore has internal structure.
- 3
Is the electron a fundamental particle?
Model answer
Yes, since no experiment has found any structure within it.
- 4
Name the two families of fundamental matter particles.
Model answer
The quarks and the leptons.
- 5
How was it discovered that the proton is not fundamental?
Model answer
High-energy electrons fired at protons were scattered as though from three concentrated centres of charge inside, which are the quarks.
- 6
Why does deciding whether a particle is fundamental depend on the energy available?
Model answer
Structure can only be resolved by probing with particles of short enough wavelength, so higher energies reveal structure that lower energies cannot.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Fundamental Particles revision questions
- What does Fundamental Particles cover in CCEA A-Level Physics?
- 6 subtopics: fundamental particles, the four fundamental forces, classifying particles, quarks and the structure of hadrons, conservation laws and beta decay in the quark model. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Fundamental Particles organised?
- By the CCEA 1210 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Fundamental Particles, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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