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External Influences

Economic influences

  • 8 things to know
  • Paper 2 and Paper 3

Overview

Inflation, exchange rates, interest rates, taxation and government spending, the phases of the business cycle from boom to recovery, economic uncertainty, and calculating and interpreting index numbers.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started
Key term

What is inflation, and how does it affect business costs?

Process

How does a weaker currency affect imports and exports?

Process

How do interest rates affect consumers and business investment?

Evaluation

How does government fiscal policy affect businesses?

Process

What happens to business investment during a recession?

Key term

How might consumer confidence change as an economy enters a slump from a recession?

Key term

What is economic uncertainty?

Key term

How might businesses adjust their workforce in response to economic uncertainty?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is inflation?

    Model answer

    A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time.

  2. 2

    What does the rate of inflation measure?

    Model answer

    The percentage change in the price level over a specific period, typically one year.

  3. 3

    What is the Consumer Prices Index (CPI)?

    Model answer

    A measure of inflation that tracks the average change in prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services.

  4. 4

    How does rising inflation affect business costs?

    Model answer

    It increases costs for raw materials, wages, and other inputs, potentially squeezing profit margins.

  5. 5

    Why does inflation create problems for business planning?

    Model answer

    It creates uncertainty as future costs and revenues become harder to predict.

  6. 6

    How might high inflation affect consumer demand?

    Model answer

    It may reduce consumer purchasing power, leading to lower demand for non-essential goods and services.

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Meeting Customer Needs
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Net gain = − initial cost.
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AGross profit equals revenue minus cost of sales.
BOperating profit equals gross profit minus operating expenses.
CNet profit equals operating profit minus interest and taxation.

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Tariff means a tax imposed on imported goods.
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