Key term
Eduqas A-Level Biology A400QS
Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Cell Membranes and Transport
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Importance of ATP
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Microbiology
Population Size and Ecosystems
Topic overviewPopulation growth and its measurementThe population growth curve and carrying capacityDensity dependent and density independent factorsSampling abundance and distributionEcosystems, habitats and communitiesEnergy transfer and pyramids of biomassSuccessionDecomposition and the carbon cycleThe nitrogen cycle and human interventionEutrophication and the effects of drainage
Human Impact on the Environment
Classification and Biodiversity
Topic overviewThe need for classification and the taxonomic hierarchyThe three domain and five kingdom systemsCharacteristic features of the five kingdomsAssessing relatedness by physical features and biochemistryThe species concept and the binomial systemBiodiversity, adaptation and natural selectionMeasuring biodiversity in a habitatGenetic and molecular measures of biodiversity
Mitosis and Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Inheritance
Variation and Evolution
Application of Reproduction and Genetics
Topic overviewThe Human Genome Project, other sequenced genomes and genomics in healthcareScreening embryos, stem cells and the ethical issuesGenetic fingerprinting, PCR and electrophoresis in forensic workRecombinant DNA and the production of human insulinGenetically modified crops and gene therapy
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface area to volume ratio and gas exchange in small organismsSpecialised respiratory surfaces and the need for ventilationGills and counter current flow in bony fishThe human breathing system and its histologyVentilation and gas exchange in humansThe insect tracheal systemThe angiosperm leaf, stomata and gas exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular systems compared across animal groupsThe mammalian heart and blood vesselsThe cardiac cycle and its controlBlood, haemoglobin and dissociation curvesThe Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluidThe root and the uptake of waterThe endodermis and the entry to the xylemXylem, transpiration and cohesion-tensionThe potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytesPhloem and translocation
Adaptations for Nutrition
Homeostasis and the Kidney
The Nervous System
Immunology and Disease: Disease and Its TransmissionImmunology
Immunology and Disease: AntibioticsImmunology
Immunology and Disease: The Immune ResponseImmunology
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Skeletal TissuesMusculoskeletal
Topic overviewCartilage and its three typesThe composition and functions of compact boneBone remodelling and the Haversian systemRickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and brittle bone diseaseThe structure of skeletal muscleThe sliding filament theoryFast and slow twitch fibres, and energy for contraction
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Structure and Function of the SkeletonMusculoskeletal
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: JointsMusculoskeletal
Neurobiology and Behaviour: The BrainNeurobiology
Neurobiology and Behaviour: NeuroscienceNeurobiology
Adaptations for Transport
- 10 subtopics
- 30 things to know
- Component 3
What Adaptations for Transport covers
Adaptations for Transport is examined in Component 3, Requirements for Life. It covers vascular systems compared across animal groups, the mammalian heart and blood vessels, the cardiac cycle and its control, blood, haemoglobin and dissociation curves, the Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluid, the root and the uptake of water, the endodermis and the entry to the xylem, xylem, transpiration and cohesion-tension, the potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytes and phloem and translocation.
Where it is assessed
Component 3
Requirements for Life, the compulsory section of the paper.
Check the Eduqas specification ↗The 10 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Vascular systems compared across animal groupsThree features common to all mass transport systems, insect heart and trend shown by comparing these four animals.Open →
- The mammalian heart and blood vesselsFour chambers of the mammalian heart and valves between the atria and the ventricles.Open →
- The cardiac cycle and its controlThree stages of the cardiac cycle and myogenic stimulation.Open →
- Blood, haemoglobin and dissociation curvesFunction of a red blood cell and general rule about a curve shifted to the left.Open →
- The Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluidBohr effect, chloride shift and importance of tissue fluid.Open →
- The root and the uptake of waterRoot hair, three pathways by which water crosses the root cortex and apoplast pathway.Open →
- The endodermis and the entry to the xylemCasparian strip and root pressure.Open →
- Xylem, transpiration and cohesion-tensionXylem vessel, three patterns of lignification found in xylem and cohesion-tension theory.Open →
- The potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytesThree variables that must be controlled in a potometer investigation, four xerophytic adaptations and three hydrophytic adaptations shown by a water lily.Open →
- Phloem and translocationSieve-tube element, sieve plate and companion cell.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Why is the dissociation curve sigmoid, what does it show at each end, and what does a leftward shift mean?
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What are pits in a xylem wall for, what is transpiration, and how does cohesion-tension raise the water?
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Name the four chambers of the mammalian heart.
Process
Name the three stages of the cardiac cycle.
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What is the Bohr effect?
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Name the tissues seen in a transverse section of a dicotyledon root from the outside in.
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What is the endodermis?
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What does a potometer measure?
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What is phloem tissue made of?
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Name three features common to all mass transport systems.
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Which vessel brings blood into the right atrium?
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What happens during atrial systole?
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How many oxygen molecules can one haemoglobin molecule carry?
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Why is the Bohr effect useful to a respiring tissue?
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How is the vascular tissue arranged in a dicotyledon root?
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What is the Casparian strip?
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What is xylem tissue made of?
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Why is the water uptake measured by a potometer only an estimate of transpiration?
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Describe a sieve-tube element.
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What kind of circulatory system does the earthworm have?
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Which vessel leaves the right ventricle, and where does it go?
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What happens during ventricular systole?
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What shape is the oxygen dissociation curve of adult haemoglobin?
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In what three forms is carbon dioxide carried in the blood?
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Why is the xylem central in a root rather than in a ring?
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Why is it useful for the Casparian strip to force water through the cytoplasm of the endodermis?
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Describe a xylem vessel.
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Why is the shoot for a potometer cut and assembled under water?
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What is a sieve plate?
Take Adaptations for Transport further
The same content, four other ways.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Why does a large organism need a transport system when a small one does not?
Model answer
Its surface area to volume ratio is too small for diffusion across the surface to supply the interior, and diffusion distances are too great.
- 2
Name three features common to all mass transport systems.
Model answer
A system of vessels, a fluid to carry the substances, and a pump or other mechanism to move that fluid.
- 3
What kind of circulatory system does the earthworm have?
Model answer
A closed circulatory system, in which the blood stays within vessels at all times.
- 4
How is blood pumped in an earthworm?
Model answer
By muscular pseudohearts, a series of contractile vessels connecting the dorsal and ventral blood vessels.
- 5
How are respiratory gases carried in an earthworm?
Model answer
Oxygen is carried in the blood, bound to a respiratory pigment dissolved in the plasma rather than held in cells.
- 6
What kind of circulatory system does an insect have?
Model answer
An open circulatory system, in which blood is pumped into a body cavity and bathes the organs directly.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Adaptations for Transport revision questions
- What does Adaptations for Transport cover in Eduqas A-Level Biology?
- 10 subtopics: vascular systems compared across animal groups, the mammalian heart and blood vessels, the cardiac cycle and its control, blood, haemoglobin and dissociation curves, the bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluid, the root and the uptake of water, the endodermis and the entry to the xylem, xylem, transpiration and cohesion-tension, the potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytes and phloem and translocation. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Adaptations for Transport organised?
- By the Eduqas A400QS specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Adaptations for Transport, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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