Key term
Eduqas A-Level Biology A400QS
Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Cell Membranes and Transport
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Importance of ATP
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Microbiology
Population Size and Ecosystems
Topic overviewPopulation growth and its measurementThe population growth curve and carrying capacityDensity dependent and density independent factorsSampling abundance and distributionEcosystems, habitats and communitiesEnergy transfer and pyramids of biomassSuccessionDecomposition and the carbon cycleThe nitrogen cycle and human interventionEutrophication and the effects of drainage
Human Impact on the Environment
Classification and Biodiversity
Topic overviewThe need for classification and the taxonomic hierarchyThe three domain and five kingdom systemsCharacteristic features of the five kingdomsAssessing relatedness by physical features and biochemistryThe species concept and the binomial systemBiodiversity, adaptation and natural selectionMeasuring biodiversity in a habitatGenetic and molecular measures of biodiversity
Mitosis and Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Inheritance
Variation and Evolution
Application of Reproduction and Genetics
Topic overviewThe Human Genome Project, other sequenced genomes and genomics in healthcareScreening embryos, stem cells and the ethical issuesGenetic fingerprinting, PCR and electrophoresis in forensic workRecombinant DNA and the production of human insulinGenetically modified crops and gene therapy
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface area to volume ratio and gas exchange in small organismsSpecialised respiratory surfaces and the need for ventilationGills and counter current flow in bony fishThe human breathing system and its histologyVentilation and gas exchange in humansThe insect tracheal systemThe angiosperm leaf, stomata and gas exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular systems compared across animal groupsThe mammalian heart and blood vesselsThe cardiac cycle and its controlBlood, haemoglobin and dissociation curvesThe Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluidThe root and the uptake of waterThe endodermis and the entry to the xylemXylem, transpiration and cohesion-tensionThe potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytesPhloem and translocation
Adaptations for Nutrition
Homeostasis and the Kidney
The Nervous System
Immunology and Disease: Disease and Its TransmissionImmunology
Immunology and Disease: AntibioticsImmunology
Immunology and Disease: The Immune ResponseImmunology
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Skeletal TissuesMusculoskeletal
Topic overviewCartilage and its three typesThe composition and functions of compact boneBone remodelling and the Haversian systemRickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and brittle bone diseaseThe structure of skeletal muscleThe sliding filament theoryFast and slow twitch fibres, and energy for contraction
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Structure and Function of the SkeletonMusculoskeletal
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: JointsMusculoskeletal
Neurobiology and Behaviour: The BrainNeurobiology
Neurobiology and Behaviour: NeuroscienceNeurobiology
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
- 9 subtopics
- 27 things to know
- Component 1
What Nucleic Acids and Their Functions covers
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions is one of the Core Concepts: it is taught with Component 1, Energy for Life, but may be assessed in any of the three components. It covers nucleotides and the structure of ATP, ATP as the energy currency of the cell, the structure of DNA, comparing DNA and RNA, semi-conservative replication, the genetic code, transcription, translation and the fate of the polypeptide and extracting DNA from living material.
Where it is assessed
Component 1
Energy for Life, whose Core Concepts are also assessed in the other two papers.
Check the Eduqas specification ↗The 9 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Nucleotides and the structure of ATPThree components of a nucleotide and pentose sugar.Open →
- ATP as the energy currency of the cellThree cellular activities that require energy from ATP and ATP–ADP cycle.Open →
- The structure of DNAFour bases found in DNA, complementary base pair rule for DNA and saying the two strands are antiparallel.Open →
- Comparing DNA and RNASugar found in RNA, three ways in which RNA differs from DNA and two ways in which RNA and DNA are alike.Open →
- Semi-conservative replicationTwo major functions of DNA, semi-conservative replication and principle of the Meselson and Stahl experiment.Open →
- The genetic codeGenetic code, saying the code is degenerate and saying the code is universal.Open →
- TranscriptionRecall questions on where transcription happens and why a copy is made, RNA polymerase, the template strand, uracil pairing with adenine, working out an mRNA sequence, the primary transcript and splicing, and how the mature message leaves the nucleus.Open →
- Translation and the fate of the polypeptideStructure of a transfer RNA molecule and one gene, one polypeptide hypothesis.Open →
- Extracting DNA from living materialRecall questions on breaking up the tissue, why detergent and salt are added, the brief warming and rapid cooling, filtering, the ice-cold ethanol layered on top, why the DNA precipitates at the boundary, and why the product is not pure.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What holds the two strands of a double helix together, and what does 22 per cent adenine imply?
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Why do cells need chemical energy?
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Which base found in RNA is not found in DNA?
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What are the two major functions of DNA?
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What is meant by the genetic code?
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What is transcription?
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What is a codon?
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Why is salt added when DNA is extracted from living material?
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Name the three components of a nucleotide.
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Name three cellular activities that require energy from ATP.
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What are the four bases found in DNA?
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Which bases do DNA and RNA share?
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What does semi-conservative replication mean?
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What is a triplet, in the genetic code?
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In protein synthesis, why must an mRNA copy be made rather than the DNA itself being used?
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What is an anticodon?
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When DNA is extracted, why is the mixture sometimes warmed to about 60 degrees Celsius?
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What is a pentose sugar?
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Why is ATP called the universal energy currency?
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Which of the DNA bases are purines?
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Which is the more stable molecule, DNA or RNA, and why?
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What does DNA polymerase do?
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How many different triplets are possible with four bases?
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What happens to the DNA at the start of transcription?
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How does a transfer RNA molecule ensure the correct amino acid is added?
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In DNA extraction, why must the warmed mixture then be cooled quickly in ice?
Take Nucleic Acids and Their Functions further
The same content, four other ways.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the three components of a nucleotide.
Model answer
A pentose sugar, a phosphate group and an organic nitrogenous base.
- 2
What is a pentose sugar?
Model answer
A sugar with five carbon atoms.
- 3
Which pentose sugar is found in a DNA nucleotide?
Model answer
Deoxyribose.
- 4
Which pentose sugar is found in an RNA nucleotide?
Model answer
Ribose.
- 5
How do ribose and deoxyribose differ?
Model answer
Deoxyribose has one fewer oxygen atom, lacking the hydroxyl group on the second carbon that ribose carries.
- 6
How are the three parts of a nucleotide joined?
Model answer
By condensation reactions, with the phosphate and the base each attached to the pentose sugar.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions revision questions
- What does Nucleic Acids and Their Functions cover in Eduqas A-Level Biology?
- 9 subtopics: nucleotides and the structure of atp, atp as the energy currency of the cell, the structure of dna, comparing dna and rna, semi-conservative replication, the genetic code, transcription, translation and the fate of the polypeptide and extracting dna from living material. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Nucleic Acids and Their Functions organised?
- By the Eduqas A400QS specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Nucleic Acids and Their Functions, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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