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Neurobiology and Behaviour: Behaviour

Classical and operant conditioning

  • 3 things to know
  • Component 3

Overview

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning and positive reinforcement.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Describe the experiment by Pavlov that demonstrated classical conditioning.

Key term

In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, what were the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response?

Key term

In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, what were the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is classical conditioning?

    Model answer

    Classical conditioning is learning in which an animal comes to give an existing involuntary response to a new stimulus, because that stimulus has repeatedly been presented alongside the one that naturally produces the response.

  2. 2

    Describe the experiment by Pavlov that demonstrated classical conditioning.

    Model answer

    Pavlov's dogs salivated whenever food was presented, and a bell was rung each time food was offered until the dogs salivated at the sound of the bell alone.

  3. 3

    In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, what were the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response?

    Model answer

    The unconditioned stimulus was the food and the unconditioned response was the salivation it naturally caused.

  4. 4

    In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, what were the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response?

    Model answer

    The conditioned stimulus was the bell and the conditioned response was salivation produced by the bell alone.

  5. 5

    What is extinction in classical conditioning?

    Model answer

    Extinction is the gradual weakening and disappearance of the learned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the natural one.

  6. 6

    Give an everyday example of classical conditioning in a pet.

    Model answer

    A cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of a tin being opened, because that sound has always been followed by food.

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