Key term
Eduqas A-Level Biology A400QS
Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Cell Membranes and Transport
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Importance of ATP
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Microbiology
Population Size and Ecosystems
Topic overviewPopulation growth and its measurementThe population growth curve and carrying capacityDensity dependent and density independent factorsSampling abundance and distributionEcosystems, habitats and communitiesEnergy transfer and pyramids of biomassSuccessionDecomposition and the carbon cycleThe nitrogen cycle and human interventionEutrophication and the effects of drainage
Human Impact on the Environment
Classification and Biodiversity
Topic overviewThe need for classification and the taxonomic hierarchyThe three domain and five kingdom systemsCharacteristic features of the five kingdomsAssessing relatedness by physical features and biochemistryThe species concept and the binomial systemBiodiversity, adaptation and natural selectionMeasuring biodiversity in a habitatGenetic and molecular measures of biodiversity
Mitosis and Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Inheritance
Variation and Evolution
Application of Reproduction and Genetics
Topic overviewThe Human Genome Project, other sequenced genomes and genomics in healthcareScreening embryos, stem cells and the ethical issuesGenetic fingerprinting, PCR and electrophoresis in forensic workRecombinant DNA and the production of human insulinGenetically modified crops and gene therapy
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface area to volume ratio and gas exchange in small organismsSpecialised respiratory surfaces and the need for ventilationGills and counter current flow in bony fishThe human breathing system and its histologyVentilation and gas exchange in humansThe insect tracheal systemThe angiosperm leaf, stomata and gas exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular systems compared across animal groupsThe mammalian heart and blood vesselsThe cardiac cycle and its controlBlood, haemoglobin and dissociation curvesThe Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluidThe root and the uptake of waterThe endodermis and the entry to the xylemXylem, transpiration and cohesion-tensionThe potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytesPhloem and translocation
Adaptations for Nutrition
Homeostasis and the Kidney
The Nervous System
Immunology and Disease: Disease and Its TransmissionImmunology
Immunology and Disease: AntibioticsImmunology
Immunology and Disease: The Immune ResponseImmunology
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Skeletal TissuesMusculoskeletal
Topic overviewCartilage and its three typesThe composition and functions of compact boneBone remodelling and the Haversian systemRickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and brittle bone diseaseThe structure of skeletal muscleThe sliding filament theoryFast and slow twitch fibres, and energy for contraction
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Structure and Function of the SkeletonMusculoskeletal
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: JointsMusculoskeletal
Neurobiology and Behaviour: The BrainNeurobiology
Neurobiology and Behaviour: NeuroscienceNeurobiology
Respiration
- 5 subtopics
- 15 things to know
- Component 1
What Respiration covers
Respiration is examined in Component 1, Energy for Life. It covers the need for respiration and glycolysis, the link reaction and the Krebs cycle, reduced NAD, FAD and oxidative phosphorylation, the energy budget of aerobic and anaerobic respiration and respiratory substrates and investigating respiration in yeast.
Where it is assessed
Component 1
Energy for Life, whose Core Concepts are also assessed in the other two papers.
Check the Eduqas specification ↗The 5 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The need for respiration and glycolysisWhat happens when triose phosphate is oxidised and number of carbon atoms in glucose, triose phosphate and pyruvate.Open →
- The link reaction and the Krebs cycleLink reaction, first reaction of the Krebs cycle and products of one complete turn of the Krebs cycle.Open →
- Reduced NAD, FAD and oxidative phosphorylationRecall questions on where each coenzyme is reduced, where each delivers its electrons to the chain, why reduced FAD yields less ATP, the ATP accounting for one glucose molecule, and the role of oxygen as the final electron acceptor.Open →
- The energy budget of aerobic and anaerobic respirationWhat happens to pyruvate in yeast deprived of oxygen, ATP yield per molecule of glucose in anaerobic respiration and oxygen debt.Open →
- Respiratory substrates and investigating respiration in yeastHow a lipid is used as a respiratory substrate, how an amino acid is used as a respiratory substrate and respiratory quotient.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Explain why the respiratory quotient of a lipid is below 1.
Key term
Explain how a respirometer measures the rate of oxygen uptake.
Key term
Describe the link reaction.
Key term
What is a coenzyme?
Key term
State the theoretical maximum yield of ATP from the complete aerobic breakdown of one molecule of glucose.
Process
Why is the energy of glucose released in many small steps rather than all at once?
Key term
What is decarboxylation?
Process
Which stages of respiration produce reduced NAD?
Process
Break the thirty-eight molecules of ATP down between the stages of respiration.
Key term
Describe what happens when triose phosphate is oxidised.
Key term
How many times does the link reaction occur per molecule of glucose, and what does it yield altogether?
Key term
How many molecules of reduced NAD are produced from one molecule of glucose in total?
Numbers
One mole of glucose holds 2880 kJ and one mole of ATP holds 30.6 kJ. Calculate the efficiency of aerobic respiration.
Key term
Which molecule is the usual respiratory substrate of a cell?
Take Respiration further
The same content, four other ways.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define respiration.
Model answer
The enzyme-controlled release of energy from organic molecules in living cells, in a series of small steps, so that it can be captured as ATP.
- 2
Why must every living cell respire continuously?
Model answer
Almost everything a cell does, from active transport and synthesis to movement and the maintenance of its own structure, needs ATP, and no cell holds more than a few seconds' supply.
- 3
Why is the energy of glucose released in many small steps rather than all at once?
Model answer
A single large release would be lost mainly as heat and would damage the cell, whereas small steps release quantities that can be captured efficiently in ATP.
- 4
Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?
Model answer
In the cytoplasm.
- 5
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
Model answer
No, it proceeds whether or not oxygen is present, which is why it is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
- 6
Explain why two molecules of ATP are used at the start of glycolysis.
Model answer
Their phosphate groups are added to the glucose to make hexose bisphosphate, which is more reactive and so lowers the activation energy for the reactions that follow.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Respiration revision questions
- What does Respiration cover in Eduqas A-Level Biology?
- 5 subtopics: the need for respiration and glycolysis, the link reaction and the krebs cycle, reduced nad, fad and oxidative phosphorylation, the energy budget of aerobic and anaerobic respiration and respiratory substrates and investigating respiration in yeast. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Respiration organised?
- By the Eduqas A400QS specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Respiration, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
Or £46 a year, about £3.83 a month. Cancel anytime.