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Importance of ATP

Membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts compared

  • 3 things to know
  • Component 1

Overview

Recall questions on the inner mitochondrial membrane and the thylakoid membrane as the sites of chemiosmosis, where the proton gradient is built in each, which compartment becomes acidic, and what the two organelles have in common structurally.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Which membrane of a mitochondrion carries the machinery for ATP synthesis?

Key term

Which membrane of a chloroplast carries the machinery for ATP synthesis?

Key term

Compare the direction in which protons are pumped in a mitochondrion and in a chloroplast.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which membrane of a mitochondrion carries the machinery for ATP synthesis?

    Model answer

    The inner membrane, folded into cristae.

  2. 2

    Which membrane of a chloroplast carries the machinery for ATP synthesis?

    Model answer

    The thylakoid membrane, stacked into grana.

  3. 3

    Give two structural features shared by the inner mitochondrial membrane and the thylakoid membrane.

    Model answer

    Both are extensively folded or stacked to give a very large surface area, and both are impermeable to protons except through the channel of ATP synthetase.

  4. 4

    Compare the direction in which protons are pumped in a mitochondrion and in a chloroplast.

    Model answer

    In a mitochondrion they are pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space, and in a chloroplast they are pumped out of the stroma into the thylakoid space.

  5. 5

    Compare the original source of the energy that drives the proton pumps in a mitochondrion and in a chloroplast.

    Model answer

    In a chloroplast it is light absorbed by chlorophyll, while in a mitochondrion it is chemical energy released by oxidising a respiratory substrate.

  6. 6

    Compare the final electron acceptor in a mitochondrion and in a chloroplast.

    Model answer

    In a mitochondrion it is oxygen, which is reduced to water, and in non-cyclic photophosphorylation it is NADP, which is reduced in the stroma.

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