Key term
Eduqas A-Level Biology A400QS
Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Cell Membranes and Transport
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Importance of ATP
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Microbiology
Population Size and Ecosystems
Topic overviewPopulation growth and its measurementThe population growth curve and carrying capacityDensity dependent and density independent factorsSampling abundance and distributionEcosystems, habitats and communitiesEnergy transfer and pyramids of biomassSuccessionDecomposition and the carbon cycleThe nitrogen cycle and human interventionEutrophication and the effects of drainage
Human Impact on the Environment
Classification and Biodiversity
Topic overviewThe need for classification and the taxonomic hierarchyThe three domain and five kingdom systemsCharacteristic features of the five kingdomsAssessing relatedness by physical features and biochemistryThe species concept and the binomial systemBiodiversity, adaptation and natural selectionMeasuring biodiversity in a habitatGenetic and molecular measures of biodiversity
Mitosis and Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Inheritance
Variation and Evolution
Application of Reproduction and Genetics
Topic overviewThe Human Genome Project, other sequenced genomes and genomics in healthcareScreening embryos, stem cells and the ethical issuesGenetic fingerprinting, PCR and electrophoresis in forensic workRecombinant DNA and the production of human insulinGenetically modified crops and gene therapy
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface area to volume ratio and gas exchange in small organismsSpecialised respiratory surfaces and the need for ventilationGills and counter current flow in bony fishThe human breathing system and its histologyVentilation and gas exchange in humansThe insect tracheal systemThe angiosperm leaf, stomata and gas exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular systems compared across animal groupsThe mammalian heart and blood vesselsThe cardiac cycle and its controlBlood, haemoglobin and dissociation curvesThe Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluidThe root and the uptake of waterThe endodermis and the entry to the xylemXylem, transpiration and cohesion-tensionThe potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytesPhloem and translocation
Adaptations for Nutrition
Homeostasis and the Kidney
The Nervous System
Immunology and Disease: Disease and Its TransmissionImmunology
Immunology and Disease: AntibioticsImmunology
Immunology and Disease: The Immune ResponseImmunology
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Skeletal TissuesMusculoskeletal
Topic overviewCartilage and its three typesThe composition and functions of compact boneBone remodelling and the Haversian systemRickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and brittle bone diseaseThe structure of skeletal muscleThe sliding filament theoryFast and slow twitch fibres, and energy for contraction
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Structure and Function of the SkeletonMusculoskeletal
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: JointsMusculoskeletal
Neurobiology and Behaviour: The BrainNeurobiology
Neurobiology and Behaviour: NeuroscienceNeurobiology
Biological Molecules
Lipids, triglycerides and phospholipids
- 3 things to know
- Component 1
Overview
Recall questions on the condensation of glycerol with fatty acids and the ester bond, saturated against unsaturated chains, why a triglyceride is a good energy store, the two ends of a phospholipid and why they form a bilayer, and the emulsion test.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
Which elements do lipids contain, and how does their composition differ from that of a carbohydrate?
Key term
From what is a triglyceride built?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Which elements do lipids contain, and how does their composition differ from that of a carbohydrate?
Model answer
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but with proportionally far less oxygen than a carbohydrate of the same mass.
- 2
Why are lipids insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol?
Model answer
Their long hydrocarbon chains are non-polar, so they are not attracted to polar water molecules but mix freely with an organic solvent.
- 3
From what is a triglyceride built?
Model answer
One molecule of glycerol combined with three fatty acid molecules.
- 4
Name the bond that joins a fatty acid to glycerol and state how many water molecules are released when a triglyceride forms.
Model answer
An ester bond, and three molecules of water are released.
- 5
Describe the structure of a fatty acid.
Model answer
A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end, which is the part that reacts with glycerol.
- 6
What makes a fatty acid saturated?
Model answer
Every bond between the carbon atoms of its chain is a single bond, so the chain carries as much hydrogen as it can.
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