Key term
Eduqas A-Level Biology A400QS
Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Cell Membranes and Transport
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Importance of ATP
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Microbiology
Population Size and Ecosystems
Topic overviewPopulation growth and its measurementThe population growth curve and carrying capacityDensity dependent and density independent factorsSampling abundance and distributionEcosystems, habitats and communitiesEnergy transfer and pyramids of biomassSuccessionDecomposition and the carbon cycleThe nitrogen cycle and human interventionEutrophication and the effects of drainage
Human Impact on the Environment
Classification and Biodiversity
Topic overviewThe need for classification and the taxonomic hierarchyThe three domain and five kingdom systemsCharacteristic features of the five kingdomsAssessing relatedness by physical features and biochemistryThe species concept and the binomial systemBiodiversity, adaptation and natural selectionMeasuring biodiversity in a habitatGenetic and molecular measures of biodiversity
Mitosis and Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Inheritance
Variation and Evolution
Application of Reproduction and Genetics
Topic overviewThe Human Genome Project, other sequenced genomes and genomics in healthcareScreening embryos, stem cells and the ethical issuesGenetic fingerprinting, PCR and electrophoresis in forensic workRecombinant DNA and the production of human insulinGenetically modified crops and gene therapy
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface area to volume ratio and gas exchange in small organismsSpecialised respiratory surfaces and the need for ventilationGills and counter current flow in bony fishThe human breathing system and its histologyVentilation and gas exchange in humansThe insect tracheal systemThe angiosperm leaf, stomata and gas exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular systems compared across animal groupsThe mammalian heart and blood vesselsThe cardiac cycle and its controlBlood, haemoglobin and dissociation curvesThe Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluidThe root and the uptake of waterThe endodermis and the entry to the xylemXylem, transpiration and cohesion-tensionThe potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytesPhloem and translocation
Adaptations for Nutrition
Homeostasis and the Kidney
The Nervous System
Immunology and Disease: Disease and Its TransmissionImmunology
Immunology and Disease: AntibioticsImmunology
Immunology and Disease: The Immune ResponseImmunology
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Skeletal TissuesMusculoskeletal
Topic overviewCartilage and its three typesThe composition and functions of compact boneBone remodelling and the Haversian systemRickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and brittle bone diseaseThe structure of skeletal muscleThe sliding filament theoryFast and slow twitch fibres, and energy for contraction
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Structure and Function of the SkeletonMusculoskeletal
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: JointsMusculoskeletal
Neurobiology and Behaviour: The BrainNeurobiology
Neurobiology and Behaviour: NeuroscienceNeurobiology
Biological Molecules
Condensation, hydrolysis and the food tests
- 3 things to know
- Component 1
Overview
Term condensation reaction, term hydrolysis and iodine-potassium iodide test for starch and the result it gives.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Define the term condensation reaction.
Key term
Define the term hydrolysis.
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define the term condensation reaction.
Model answer
A reaction in which two molecules are joined by a covalent bond with the removal of a molecule of water.
- 2
Define the term hydrolysis.
Model answer
A reaction in which a covalent bond between two subunits is broken by the addition of a molecule of water.
- 3
Name the bond formed by condensation in a carbohydrate, a protein and a triglyceride.
Model answer
A glycosidic bond, a peptide bond and an ester bond respectively.
- 4
Where in a mammal does the hydrolysis of these bonds mainly take place?
Model answer
In the gut, where digestive enzymes hydrolyse large insoluble food molecules into small soluble ones that can be absorbed.
- 5
Describe the iodine-potassium iodide test for starch and the result it gives.
Model answer
A few drops of iodine in potassium iodide solution are added to the sample at room temperature, and the orange-brown reagent turns blue-black if starch is present.
- 6
Why does starch give a blue-black colour with iodine solution?
Model answer
The iodine molecules become trapped inside the coiled helix of amylose, and the complex formed absorbs light differently from the free reagent.
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