Key term
Eduqas A-Level Biology A400QS
Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Cell Membranes and Transport
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Importance of ATP
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Microbiology
Population Size and Ecosystems
Topic overviewPopulation growth and its measurementThe population growth curve and carrying capacityDensity dependent and density independent factorsSampling abundance and distributionEcosystems, habitats and communitiesEnergy transfer and pyramids of biomassSuccessionDecomposition and the carbon cycleThe nitrogen cycle and human interventionEutrophication and the effects of drainage
Human Impact on the Environment
Classification and Biodiversity
Topic overviewThe need for classification and the taxonomic hierarchyThe three domain and five kingdom systemsCharacteristic features of the five kingdomsAssessing relatedness by physical features and biochemistryThe species concept and the binomial systemBiodiversity, adaptation and natural selectionMeasuring biodiversity in a habitatGenetic and molecular measures of biodiversity
Mitosis and Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Inheritance
Variation and Evolution
Application of Reproduction and Genetics
Topic overviewThe Human Genome Project, other sequenced genomes and genomics in healthcareScreening embryos, stem cells and the ethical issuesGenetic fingerprinting, PCR and electrophoresis in forensic workRecombinant DNA and the production of human insulinGenetically modified crops and gene therapy
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface area to volume ratio and gas exchange in small organismsSpecialised respiratory surfaces and the need for ventilationGills and counter current flow in bony fishThe human breathing system and its histologyVentilation and gas exchange in humansThe insect tracheal systemThe angiosperm leaf, stomata and gas exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular systems compared across animal groupsThe mammalian heart and blood vesselsThe cardiac cycle and its controlBlood, haemoglobin and dissociation curvesThe Bohr effect, chloride shift and tissue fluidThe root and the uptake of waterThe endodermis and the entry to the xylemXylem, transpiration and cohesion-tensionThe potometer and xerophytes and hydrophytesPhloem and translocation
Adaptations for Nutrition
Homeostasis and the Kidney
The Nervous System
Immunology and Disease: Disease and Its TransmissionImmunology
Immunology and Disease: AntibioticsImmunology
Immunology and Disease: The Immune ResponseImmunology
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Skeletal TissuesMusculoskeletal
Topic overviewCartilage and its three typesThe composition and functions of compact boneBone remodelling and the Haversian systemRickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and brittle bone diseaseThe structure of skeletal muscleThe sliding filament theoryFast and slow twitch fibres, and energy for contraction
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: Structure and Function of the SkeletonMusculoskeletal
Human Musculoskeletal Anatomy: JointsMusculoskeletal
Neurobiology and Behaviour: The BrainNeurobiology
Neurobiology and Behaviour: NeuroscienceNeurobiology
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Transcription
- 3 things to know
- Component 1
Overview
Recall questions on where transcription happens and why a copy is made, RNA polymerase, the template strand, uracil pairing with adenine, working out an mRNA sequence, the primary transcript and splicing, and how the mature message leaves the nucleus.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
In protein synthesis, why must an mRNA copy be made rather than the DNA itself being used?
Key term
What happens to the DNA at the start of transcription?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is transcription?
Model answer
The copying of the base sequence of one gene from DNA into a molecule of messenger RNA.
- 2
Where in a eukaryotic cell does transcription take place?
Model answer
In the nucleus.
- 3
Why must a copy be made rather than the DNA itself being used?
Model answer
DNA is too large to leave the nucleus and must be protected, so a small working copy is sent to the cytoplasm instead.
- 4
Which enzyme catalyses transcription?
Model answer
RNA polymerase.
- 5
What happens to the DNA at the start of transcription?
Model answer
The hydrogen bonds between the bases of the gene are broken and the two strands separate over that region.
- 6
Which of the two DNA strands is copied?
Model answer
Only one, the template strand, which is the one whose sequence is complementary to the messenger RNA produced.
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