Key term
CCEA A-Level Technology and Design 8900
Material Selection and Wood
Metals
Plastics
Composite and Emerging Materials
Processing Materials
Product Analysis and Design Communication
Design for Manufacture, Quality and Safety
Electronic Control SystemsOption A
Topic overviewControl systems, feedback and electronics safetyResistors, Ohm's law and power ratingsCapacitors and RC timingPotential dividers, sensors and comparatorsSwitches, pull-up and pull-down resistorsOutput devices and LEDsTransistors, Darlington pairs and thyristorsLogic gates, truth tables and flip-flops555 monostable and astable timers
Microelectronic Control SystemsOption A
Topic overviewMicrocontroller systems, ADCs and DACsStrain gauges and bridge circuitsOptical switches, encoded discs and Schmitt triggersOp-amp amplifiers and gainZener diodes and voltage regulatorsKarnaugh maps and binary countersSeven-segment, LCD and dot matrix displaysPIC flowcharts and programmingDC motors, stepper motors and driver circuits
Mechanical and Pneumatic ComponentsOption B
Topic overviewOpen and closed loop mechanical and pneumatic controlSafe working with compressed air and mechanismsLevers, linkages and momentsGear types and gear trainsPulleys, belts, chains and shaft fixingsCams, cranks and converting motionCompressed air supply and pneumatic valvesCylinders, shuttle valves, restrictors and reservoirsPneumatic circuits for logic, timing and speed control
Mechanical and Pneumatic SystemsOption B
Topic overviewHydraulics, system limitations and plant safetyTorque, work, power and air consumptionVacuum handling, proximity sensors and 5/3 valvesSequential and cascade pneumatic circuitsCam profiles and follower displacement diagramsGear geometry, pulley blocks and ratchetsToggles, treadles, shafts and couplingsFriction, brakes and clutchesBearings, lubrication and seals
Designing and Manufacturing ProductsOption C
Topic overviewResearch, questionnaires and specificationsIdea generation, critiques and computer simulationManufacturing planning and product evaluationCFRP, GRP, Kevlar and tungsten carbideSmart materials, nanotechnology and biophotovoltaicsIsometric, perspective and assembly drawingLaminating, steam bending, cutting and printing processesRisk assessment and product safety lawScales of production, JIT and cell productionQuality assurance, ISO 9001 and continuous improvementDesign influences and intellectual property rights
Product Design in Industry and SocietyOption C
Topic overviewLife-cycle environmental impact and climate changeThe 6Rs, waste and environmental legislationSustainable metals, plastics and degradable polymersProduct life cycles, consumer types and relaunchesCAD, CAM, 3D scanning and quick-change mouldingMarket pull, technology push and market strategyPrice, place and promotionJigs, fixtures and ICT in quality controlDesign for maintenance, inclusion and scale productionRendering, typography and presentationDyson, Baylis, Memphis and Apple
Product Development
Product and System Design and Manufacture
Product and System Design and Manufacture
Developing a concept with numerical analysis, ergonomics and aesthetics
- 3 things to know
- A2 2
Overview
Justified development, numerical analysis with worked gear and power calculations, CAD and circuit simulation, ergonomic and aesthetic development, environmental impact and design for disassembly.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
Why must development decisions be justified?
Key term
How is numerical analysis used in developing a concept?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does developing a chosen concept involve?
Model answer
Development refines the concept's form, function, materials, components and manufacture. Each decision is tested and recorded until a detailed final design is reached.
- 2
Why must development decisions be justified?
Model answer
A justified decision explains why one option was chosen over others, using evidence. Justification shows the design meets the specification rather than personal taste.
- 3
How is numerical analysis used in developing a concept?
Model answer
Numerical analysis calculates values such as component ratings, gear ratios, forces and material quantities. Calculations confirm that the design will work before it is made.
- 4
A motor turns at 3,000 rpm and drives a gear train with a velocity ratio of 50:1. What is the output speed?
Model answer
The output shaft turns at 60 rpm. The working is 3,000 ÷ 50 = 60 rpm.
- 5
A product uses a 9 V battery and draws 0.15 A. What power does it use?
Model answer
The product uses 1.35 W of power. The working is 9 × 0.15 = 1.35 W.
- 6
How can CAD support the development of a concept?
Model answer
CAD allows accurate 3D models to be built, altered and tested quickly. Designers can check fit, clearance and appearance before any material is cut.
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