Key term
CCEA A-Level Technology and Design 8900
Material Selection and Wood
Metals
Plastics
Composite and Emerging Materials
Processing Materials
Product Analysis and Design Communication
Design for Manufacture, Quality and Safety
Electronic Control SystemsOption A
Topic overviewControl systems, feedback and electronics safetyResistors, Ohm's law and power ratingsCapacitors and RC timingPotential dividers, sensors and comparatorsSwitches, pull-up and pull-down resistorsOutput devices and LEDsTransistors, Darlington pairs and thyristorsLogic gates, truth tables and flip-flops555 monostable and astable timers
Microelectronic Control SystemsOption A
Topic overviewMicrocontroller systems, ADCs and DACsStrain gauges and bridge circuitsOptical switches, encoded discs and Schmitt triggersOp-amp amplifiers and gainZener diodes and voltage regulatorsKarnaugh maps and binary countersSeven-segment, LCD and dot matrix displaysPIC flowcharts and programmingDC motors, stepper motors and driver circuits
Mechanical and Pneumatic ComponentsOption B
Topic overviewOpen and closed loop mechanical and pneumatic controlSafe working with compressed air and mechanismsLevers, linkages and momentsGear types and gear trainsPulleys, belts, chains and shaft fixingsCams, cranks and converting motionCompressed air supply and pneumatic valvesCylinders, shuttle valves, restrictors and reservoirsPneumatic circuits for logic, timing and speed control
Mechanical and Pneumatic SystemsOption B
Topic overviewHydraulics, system limitations and plant safetyTorque, work, power and air consumptionVacuum handling, proximity sensors and 5/3 valvesSequential and cascade pneumatic circuitsCam profiles and follower displacement diagramsGear geometry, pulley blocks and ratchetsToggles, treadles, shafts and couplingsFriction, brakes and clutchesBearings, lubrication and seals
Designing and Manufacturing ProductsOption C
Topic overviewResearch, questionnaires and specificationsIdea generation, critiques and computer simulationManufacturing planning and product evaluationCFRP, GRP, Kevlar and tungsten carbideSmart materials, nanotechnology and biophotovoltaicsIsometric, perspective and assembly drawingLaminating, steam bending, cutting and printing processesRisk assessment and product safety lawScales of production, JIT and cell productionQuality assurance, ISO 9001 and continuous improvementDesign influences and intellectual property rights
Product Design in Industry and SocietyOption C
Topic overviewLife-cycle environmental impact and climate changeThe 6Rs, waste and environmental legislationSustainable metals, plastics and degradable polymersProduct life cycles, consumer types and relaunchesCAD, CAM, 3D scanning and quick-change mouldingMarket pull, technology push and market strategyPrice, place and promotionJigs, fixtures and ICT in quality controlDesign for maintenance, inclusion and scale productionRendering, typography and presentationDyson, Baylis, Memphis and Apple
Product Development
Product and System Design and Manufacture
Product Design in Industry and Society
Market pull, technology push and market strategy
- 3 things to know
- A2 1
Overview
Market research and test marketing, needs and demands, market pull and technology push, radical and incremental products, and market penetration, development and diversification.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
How does test marketing reduce the risk of a product launch?
Key term
What is the difference between a need and a demand?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Give three methods of market research a company might use before launching a product.
Model answer
A company might run online surveys, hold focus groups and analyse sales data for similar products. Each method helps to gauge likely demand.
- 2
How does test marketing reduce the risk of a product launch?
Model answer
Test marketing launches a product in one small region before a national launch. Sales and feedback reveal problems while changes are still affordable.
- 3
What is the difference between a need and a demand?
Model answer
A need is something people require, such as keeping warm or communicating. A demand is a want backed by the willingness and ability to pay for a particular product.
- 4
How can a designer identify an unmet need?
Model answer
Unmet needs show up where users improvise their own fixes, complain or struggle. Observation and complaint records reveal these gaps.
- 5
Why do new products arise?
Model answer
New products arise from changing consumer needs, new technology, competition, legislation and falling sales of older products. Each change creates an opportunity for a new design.
- 6
What is market pull?
Model answer
Market pull is when a new product is developed in response to demand from consumers. Market research identifies the need, and the design meets it.
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