Process
CCEA A-Level Technology and Design 8900
Material Selection and Wood
Metals
Plastics
Composite and Emerging Materials
Processing Materials
Product Analysis and Design Communication
Design for Manufacture, Quality and Safety
Electronic Control SystemsOption A
Topic overviewControl systems, feedback and electronics safetyResistors, Ohm's law and power ratingsCapacitors and RC timingPotential dividers, sensors and comparatorsSwitches, pull-up and pull-down resistorsOutput devices and LEDsTransistors, Darlington pairs and thyristorsLogic gates, truth tables and flip-flops555 monostable and astable timers
Microelectronic Control SystemsOption A
Topic overviewMicrocontroller systems, ADCs and DACsStrain gauges and bridge circuitsOptical switches, encoded discs and Schmitt triggersOp-amp amplifiers and gainZener diodes and voltage regulatorsKarnaugh maps and binary countersSeven-segment, LCD and dot matrix displaysPIC flowcharts and programmingDC motors, stepper motors and driver circuits
Mechanical and Pneumatic ComponentsOption B
Topic overviewOpen and closed loop mechanical and pneumatic controlSafe working with compressed air and mechanismsLevers, linkages and momentsGear types and gear trainsPulleys, belts, chains and shaft fixingsCams, cranks and converting motionCompressed air supply and pneumatic valvesCylinders, shuttle valves, restrictors and reservoirsPneumatic circuits for logic, timing and speed control
Mechanical and Pneumatic SystemsOption B
Topic overviewHydraulics, system limitations and plant safetyTorque, work, power and air consumptionVacuum handling, proximity sensors and 5/3 valvesSequential and cascade pneumatic circuitsCam profiles and follower displacement diagramsGear geometry, pulley blocks and ratchetsToggles, treadles, shafts and couplingsFriction, brakes and clutchesBearings, lubrication and seals
Designing and Manufacturing ProductsOption C
Topic overviewResearch, questionnaires and specificationsIdea generation, critiques and computer simulationManufacturing planning and product evaluationCFRP, GRP, Kevlar and tungsten carbideSmart materials, nanotechnology and biophotovoltaicsIsometric, perspective and assembly drawingLaminating, steam bending, cutting and printing processesRisk assessment and product safety lawScales of production, JIT and cell productionQuality assurance, ISO 9001 and continuous improvementDesign influences and intellectual property rights
Product Design in Industry and SocietyOption C
Topic overviewLife-cycle environmental impact and climate changeThe 6Rs, waste and environmental legislationSustainable metals, plastics and degradable polymersProduct life cycles, consumer types and relaunchesCAD, CAM, 3D scanning and quick-change mouldingMarket pull, technology push and market strategyPrice, place and promotionJigs, fixtures and ICT in quality controlDesign for maintenance, inclusion and scale productionRendering, typography and presentationDyson, Baylis, Memphis and Apple
Product Development
Product and System Design and Manufacture
Product Design in Industry and Society
CAD, CAM, 3D scanning and quick-change moulding
- 3 things to know
- A2 1
Overview
Global CAD teams, generative design, digital twins, 3D scanning for inspection and customisation, quick-change moulding and SMED, Kanban, flexible manufacturing and mass customisation.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is generative design?
Key term
How does a direct link from CAD to CNC benefit the designer?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
How does CAD benefit a designer working in a global team?
Model answer
Cloud-based CAD lets designers in different countries work on the same model and see changes instantly. Files can be sent straight to suppliers anywhere for quoting and manufacture.
- 2
What is generative design?
Model answer
Generative design software creates many possible forms automatically from goals and constraints such as loads, materials and mass. The designer then chooses and refines the best options.
- 3
How does a direct link from CAD to CNC benefit the designer?
Model answer
The machine works from the designer's own geometry, so there is no redrawing or misinterpretation. Design changes reach the workshop in minutes.
- 4
What is a digital twin?
Model answer
A digital twin is a live virtual model of a physical product or production line, updated with real sensor data. Engineers use it to predict faults and test changes without stopping production.
- 5
What is 3D scanning?
Model answer
3D scanning captures the shape of a real object as a cloud of measured points, using lasers, structured light or photographs. Software converts the points into a digital model.
- 6
Give three uses of 3D scanning in product design.
Model answer
3D scanning can reverse engineer an old part and digitise a hand-made clay model. The technique can also capture a user's body to fit a custom product.
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