Key term
WJEC AS-Level Biology 601-5290-0
Chemical Elements Are Joined Together to Form Biological Compounds
Topic overviewInorganic IonsBiological Importance of WaterCarbohydrates: Monosaccharides and DisaccharidesCarbohydrates: Polysaccharides and Alpha/Beta Glucose IsomerismLipids: Triglycerides and PhospholipidsLipids: Saturated and Unsaturated Fat in Human HealthAmino Acids and Proteins: Primary to Quaternary StructureAmino Acids and Proteins: Fibrous and Globular FormsCondensation and Hydrolysis: Peptide and GlycosidicFood Tests for Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Topic overviewEukaryotic Cell Ultrastructure: OrganellesEukaryotic Cell Ultrastructure: FunctionsProkaryotic Cells, Viruses and Cell Theory: Comparing Cell StructuresProkaryotic Cells, Viruses and Cell Theory: Electron MicrographsLevels of Organisation and Light Microscopy: Tissues and OrgansLevels of Organisation and Light Microscopy: Organ Systems and Microscope CalibrationLevels of Organisation and Light Microscopy: Magnification and Scientific Drawing
Cell Membranes and Transport
Topic overviewPlasma Membrane Structure and Permeability: Fluid-Mosaic ModelPlasma Membrane Structure and Permeability: Factors Affecting PermeabilityTransport Across Membranes: Diffusion, Osmosis and Water PotentialTransport Across Membranes: Facilitated Diffusion, Active Transport and PinocytosisTransport Across Membranes: Phagocytosis and Exocytosis
Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes
Topic overviewEnzymes as Biological Catalysts: Metabolism, Extracellular Action and Induced FitEnzymes as Biological Catalysts: Activation EnergyFactors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Temperature and SubstrateFactors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration, Denaturation and BuffersEnzyme InhibitionImmobilised Enzymes in Industry
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Topic overviewNucleotides, Chemical Energy and ATP: StructureNucleotides, Chemical Energy and ATP: Role as Energy CarrierDNA and RNA StructureSemi-conservative Replication, Meselson and Stahl experimentThe Genetic Code: Triplet CodeThe Genetic Code: Exons and IntronsProtein Synthesis: Transcription, Translation and tRNAProtein Synthesis: One Gene-One Polypeptide and Polypeptide Modification
Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells
Topic overviewThe Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Interphase and StagesThe Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Cytokinesis, Significance in Renewal and RepairThe Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Root Tip Squash and Mitotic IndexMeiosis: Meiosis I and Meiosis II, crossing over and independent assortmentMeiosis: differences from mitosis
All Organisms Are Related Through Their Evolutionary History
Topic overviewClassification: Hierarchical Groups, Need and Tentative NatureClassification: Three Domains and Five KingdomsAssessing RelatednessSpecies Concept and Binomial SystemBiodiversity and Its Assessment: Habitat LevelBiodiversity and Its Assessment: Genetic Level and Molecular LevelNatural Selection as the Source of Biodiversity and Anatomical, Physiological and Behavioural Adaptations
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface Area to Volume Ratio and Gas Exchange in Small Organisms: AmoebaSurface Area to Volume Ratio and Gas Exchange in Small Organisms: Flatworm and EarthwormSpecialised Respiratory Surfaces and Ventilation in Bony Fish: Counter-currentSpecialised Respiratory Surfaces and Ventilation in Bony Fish: Parallel FlowGas Exchange in Terrestrial Animals: Human Breathing SystemGas Exchange in Terrestrial Animals: VentilationGas Exchange in Terrestrial Animals: the Insect Tracheal SystemThe Angiosperm Leaf: StructureThe Angiosperm Leaf: Photosynthetic RoleThe Angiosperm Leaf: Stomatal Control of Gas Exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular Systems Across Animal Groups: Earthworm and InsectVascular Systems Across Animal Groups: Fish and MammalThe Mammalian Heart and Circulation: Blood Vessels and Cardiac CycleThe Mammalian Heart and Circulation: Sino-atrial Node, Purkyne Fibres and ElectrocardiogramsBlood and the Transport of Respiratory Gases: Erythrocytes, Plasma and Dissociation CurvesBlood and the Transport of Respiratory Gases: Bohr Effect and Chloride ShiftTransport of Nutrients, Hormones, Excretory Products and HeatTissue Fluid, Lymph and OedemaWater Uptake and Movement Through the Root: Dicotyledon Root Structure and ApoplastWater Uptake and Movement Through the Root: Symplast, Vacuolar Pathways and EndodermisXylem, the Transpiration Stream and Plant Water Adaptations: Cohesion-Tension TheoryXylem, the Transpiration Stream and Plant Water Adaptations: Hydrophytes and XerophytesPhloem Structure and Translocation from Source to Sink: Mass Flow ModelsPhloem Structure and Translocation from Source to Sink: Experimental Evidence
Adaptations for Nutrition
Topic overviewModes of Nutrition: Autotrophic, Heterotrophic and HolozoicModes of Nutrition: Parasitic, and Digestion in Amoeba and Hydra to Tube GutsThe Human Gut: Adaptations to an Omnivorous DietThe Human Gut: EnzymesThe Human Gut: ConditionsHerbivore, Carnivore and Parasite Adaptations: Guts and DentitionHerbivore, Carnivore and Parasite Adaptations: Ruminants, Taenia and Pediculus
Working Scientifically: Practical Skills
Topic overviewThe A2 Unit 5 Practical Examination Tasks: Experimental TaskThe A2 Unit 5 Practical Examination Tasks: Practical Analysis TaskIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Solving Problems in Practical ContextsIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Identifying and Following InstructionsIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Making and Keeping RecordsIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Presenting DataNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Plotting, Interpreting Graphs and ProcessingNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Analysing Data, Margins of Error and AccuracyNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Precision and OnlineNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Offline Research Skills
Use of Apparatus and Techniques
Topic overviewMeasurement and Laboratory Technique: Quantitative ApparatusMeasurement and Laboratory Technique: InstrumentationMeasurement and Laboratory Technique: Glassware Including Serial DilutionsMicroscopy, Scientific Drawing and Separation and Identification Techniques: Light MicroscopeMicroscopy, Scientific Drawing and Separation and Identification Techniques: Annotated Drawings and Food TestsMicroscopy, Scientific Drawing and Separation and Identification Techniques: ChromatographyWorking with Organisms and Aseptic TechniqueViable Counts, Dissection and Fieldwork SamplingMark-Release-Recapture, Quadrats and ICT for Data Collection
Mathematical Requirements (Appendix C)
Topic overviewArithmetic and Numerical Computation: Appropriate Units, Decimal and Standard FormArithmetic and Numerical Computation: Ratios, Percentages and Estimating ResultsArithmetic and Numerical Computation: Power, Exponential and Logarithmic FunctionsHandling Data: Significant Figures, Arithmetic Means and MeanHandling Data: Median, Frequency Tables and HistogramsHandling Data: Scatter DiagramsProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Simple Probability and SelectingProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Using the Chi-squared TestProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Correlation CoefficientProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Standard DeviationAlgebra and Magnification: Mathematical Symbols and Changing the Subject of an EquationAlgebra and Magnification: Substituting Values, Solving Equations and Using LogarithmsGraphs: Translating Between Graphical, Plotting Two Variables and Linear RelationshipsGraphs: Intercepts, Rate of Change and Slope of a Tangent to a CurveGeometry: Circumferences, Surface Areas and Volumes of Regular Shapes
How Science Works (Appendix D)
Topic overviewDeveloping and Communicating Scientific Explanations: Using Theories, Models and IdeasDeveloping and Communicating Scientific Explanations: Posing Scientific QuestionsScientific Methodology, Evidence and Evaluation: Appropriate Methodology Including ICTScientific Methodology, Evidence and Evaluation: Analysing and Conflicting DataScience, Society and Ethics: How Scientific Knowledge Develops Over TimeScience, Society and Ethics: Risks, Ethical Treatment of Humans and Other OrganismsScience, Society and Ethics: Environment and How Society Uses Science
Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes
- 6 subtopics
- 18 things to know
- AS Unit 1
What Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes covers
Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes is examined on AS Unit 1 of WJEC Biology, Basic Biochemistry and Cell Organisation. 80 recall questions across 6 subtopics.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 1
Basic Biochemistry and Cell Organisation.
Check the WJEC specification ↗The 6 subtopics
Each one has its own page. WJEC AS Biology students sit this topic in the first year.
- Enzymes as Biological Catalysts: Metabolism, Extracellular Action and Induced FitRecall questions on Metabolism, Extracellular Action, Active Sites and Induced Fit.Open →
- Enzymes as Biological Catalysts: Activation EnergyRecall questions on Activation Energy.Open →
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Temperature and SubstrateRecall questions on Temperature and Substrate.Open →
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration, Denaturation and BuffersRecall questions on Enzyme Concentration, Denaturation and Buffers.Open →
- Enzyme InhibitionRecall questions on Enzyme Inhibition.Open →
- Immobilised Enzymes in IndustryRecall questions on Immobilised Enzymes in Industry.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
What does the theory of induced fit propose?
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What happens to an enzyme when it is heated well above its optimum temperature?
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Is denaturation reversible?
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How does a change in pH away from the optimum reduce enzyme activity?
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What happens to competitive inhibition when the substrate concentration is increased?
Evaluation
State one disadvantage of using immobilised enzymes.
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How is a continuous-flow column of immobilised enzyme used?
Process
How does the energy profile of a reaction differ when an enzyme is present?
Key term
What is the effect of increasing enzyme concentration when substrate is in excess?
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How is the initial rate found from a graph of product formed against time?
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Define activation energy.
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What is an enzyme inhibitor?
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Define metabolism.
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Why do organisms use enzymes rather than high temperatures to speed up reactions?
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Why does increasing the enzyme concentration eventually fail to increase the rate any further?
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Give an example of a competitive inhibitor and state the enzyme it affects.
Key term
How does immobilisation improve the purity of the product?
Take Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes further
The same content, four other ways.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Define metabolism.
Model answer
Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions taking place within an organism, each of which is catalysed by an enzyme.
- 2
Distinguish between anabolic and catabolic reactions.
Model answer
Anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy, whereas catabolic reactions break larger molecules down into smaller ones and release energy.
- 3
What is a metabolic pathway?
Model answer
A metabolic pathway is a sequence of reactions in which the product of one reaction becomes the substrate of the next, with each step controlled by its own specific enzyme.
- 4
What is an enzyme?
Model answer
An enzyme is a globular protein that acts as a biological catalyst, increasing the rate of a specific reaction without being used up or permanently altered.
- 5
What does it mean to say that an enzyme is a catalyst?
Model answer
It speeds up a reaction but is unchanged at the end of it, so a single molecule can be used over and over again, and it does not alter the position of the equilibrium.
- 6
Why are enzymes described as globular proteins?
Model answer
Their polypeptide chains fold into a compact, roughly spherical shape with hydrophilic groups on the outside, which makes them soluble in the cytoplasm and other body fluids.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes revision questions
- Is Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes examined at AS in WJEC Biology?
- Yes. It sits in AS Unit 1, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes cover in WJEC AS-Level Biology?
- 6 subtopics: enzymes as biological catalysts: metabolism, extracellular action and induced fit, enzymes as biological catalysts: activation energy, factors affecting enzyme activity: temperature and substrate, factors affecting enzyme activity: enzyme concentration, denaturation and buffers, enzyme inhibition and immobilised enzymes in industry. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes organised?
- By the WJEC 601-5290-0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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