Key term
WJEC AS-Level Biology 601-5290-0
Chemical Elements Are Joined Together to Form Biological Compounds
Topic overviewInorganic IonsBiological Importance of WaterCarbohydrates: Monosaccharides and DisaccharidesCarbohydrates: Polysaccharides and Alpha/Beta Glucose IsomerismLipids: Triglycerides and PhospholipidsLipids: Saturated and Unsaturated Fat in Human HealthAmino Acids and Proteins: Primary to Quaternary StructureAmino Acids and Proteins: Fibrous and Globular FormsCondensation and Hydrolysis: Peptide and GlycosidicFood Tests for Biological Molecules
Cell Structure and Organisation
Topic overviewEukaryotic Cell Ultrastructure: OrganellesEukaryotic Cell Ultrastructure: FunctionsProkaryotic Cells, Viruses and Cell Theory: Comparing Cell StructuresProkaryotic Cells, Viruses and Cell Theory: Electron MicrographsLevels of Organisation and Light Microscopy: Tissues and OrgansLevels of Organisation and Light Microscopy: Organ Systems and Microscope CalibrationLevels of Organisation and Light Microscopy: Magnification and Scientific Drawing
Cell Membranes and Transport
Topic overviewPlasma Membrane Structure and Permeability: Fluid-Mosaic ModelPlasma Membrane Structure and Permeability: Factors Affecting PermeabilityTransport Across Membranes: Diffusion, Osmosis and Water PotentialTransport Across Membranes: Facilitated Diffusion, Active Transport and PinocytosisTransport Across Membranes: Phagocytosis and Exocytosis
Biological Reactions Are Regulated by Enzymes
Topic overviewEnzymes as Biological Catalysts: Metabolism, Extracellular Action and Induced FitEnzymes as Biological Catalysts: Activation EnergyFactors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Temperature and SubstrateFactors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration, Denaturation and BuffersEnzyme InhibitionImmobilised Enzymes in Industry
Nucleic Acids and Their Functions
Topic overviewNucleotides, Chemical Energy and ATP: StructureNucleotides, Chemical Energy and ATP: Role as Energy CarrierDNA and RNA StructureSemi-conservative Replication, Meselson and Stahl experimentThe Genetic Code: Triplet CodeThe Genetic Code: Exons and IntronsProtein Synthesis: Transcription, Translation and tRNAProtein Synthesis: One Gene-One Polypeptide and Polypeptide Modification
Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells
Topic overviewThe Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Interphase and StagesThe Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Cytokinesis, Significance in Renewal and RepairThe Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Root Tip Squash and Mitotic IndexMeiosis: Meiosis I and Meiosis II, crossing over and independent assortmentMeiosis: differences from mitosis
All Organisms Are Related Through Their Evolutionary History
Topic overviewClassification: Hierarchical Groups, Need and Tentative NatureClassification: Three Domains and Five KingdomsAssessing RelatednessSpecies Concept and Binomial SystemBiodiversity and Its Assessment: Habitat LevelBiodiversity and Its Assessment: Genetic Level and Molecular LevelNatural Selection as the Source of Biodiversity and Anatomical, Physiological and Behavioural Adaptations
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Topic overviewSurface Area to Volume Ratio and Gas Exchange in Small Organisms: AmoebaSurface Area to Volume Ratio and Gas Exchange in Small Organisms: Flatworm and EarthwormSpecialised Respiratory Surfaces and Ventilation in Bony Fish: Counter-currentSpecialised Respiratory Surfaces and Ventilation in Bony Fish: Parallel FlowGas Exchange in Terrestrial Animals: Human Breathing SystemGas Exchange in Terrestrial Animals: VentilationGas Exchange in Terrestrial Animals: the Insect Tracheal SystemThe Angiosperm Leaf: StructureThe Angiosperm Leaf: Photosynthetic RoleThe Angiosperm Leaf: Stomatal Control of Gas Exchange
Adaptations for Transport
Topic overviewVascular Systems Across Animal Groups: Earthworm and InsectVascular Systems Across Animal Groups: Fish and MammalThe Mammalian Heart and Circulation: Blood Vessels and Cardiac CycleThe Mammalian Heart and Circulation: Sino-atrial Node, Purkyne Fibres and ElectrocardiogramsBlood and the Transport of Respiratory Gases: Erythrocytes, Plasma and Dissociation CurvesBlood and the Transport of Respiratory Gases: Bohr Effect and Chloride ShiftTransport of Nutrients, Hormones, Excretory Products and HeatTissue Fluid, Lymph and OedemaWater Uptake and Movement Through the Root: Dicotyledon Root Structure and ApoplastWater Uptake and Movement Through the Root: Symplast, Vacuolar Pathways and EndodermisXylem, the Transpiration Stream and Plant Water Adaptations: Cohesion-Tension TheoryXylem, the Transpiration Stream and Plant Water Adaptations: Hydrophytes and XerophytesPhloem Structure and Translocation from Source to Sink: Mass Flow ModelsPhloem Structure and Translocation from Source to Sink: Experimental Evidence
Adaptations for Nutrition
Topic overviewModes of Nutrition: Autotrophic, Heterotrophic and HolozoicModes of Nutrition: Parasitic, and Digestion in Amoeba and Hydra to Tube GutsThe Human Gut: Adaptations to an Omnivorous DietThe Human Gut: EnzymesThe Human Gut: ConditionsHerbivore, Carnivore and Parasite Adaptations: Guts and DentitionHerbivore, Carnivore and Parasite Adaptations: Ruminants, Taenia and Pediculus
Working Scientifically: Practical Skills
Topic overviewThe A2 Unit 5 Practical Examination Tasks: Experimental TaskThe A2 Unit 5 Practical Examination Tasks: Practical Analysis TaskIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Solving Problems in Practical ContextsIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Identifying and Following InstructionsIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Making and Keeping RecordsIndependent Thinking and Use of Scientific Methods and Practices: Presenting DataNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Plotting, Interpreting Graphs and ProcessingNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Analysing Data, Margins of Error and AccuracyNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Precision and OnlineNumeracy in Practical Contexts, Research and Referencing: Offline Research Skills
Use of Apparatus and Techniques
Topic overviewMeasurement and Laboratory Technique: Quantitative ApparatusMeasurement and Laboratory Technique: InstrumentationMeasurement and Laboratory Technique: Glassware Including Serial DilutionsMicroscopy, Scientific Drawing and Separation and Identification Techniques: Light MicroscopeMicroscopy, Scientific Drawing and Separation and Identification Techniques: Annotated Drawings and Food TestsMicroscopy, Scientific Drawing and Separation and Identification Techniques: ChromatographyWorking with Organisms and Aseptic TechniqueViable Counts, Dissection and Fieldwork SamplingMark-Release-Recapture, Quadrats and ICT for Data Collection
Mathematical Requirements (Appendix C)
Topic overviewArithmetic and Numerical Computation: Appropriate Units, Decimal and Standard FormArithmetic and Numerical Computation: Ratios, Percentages and Estimating ResultsArithmetic and Numerical Computation: Power, Exponential and Logarithmic FunctionsHandling Data: Significant Figures, Arithmetic Means and MeanHandling Data: Median, Frequency Tables and HistogramsHandling Data: Scatter DiagramsProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Simple Probability and SelectingProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Using the Chi-squared TestProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Correlation CoefficientProbability, Sampling, Statistical Tests and Uncertainty: Standard DeviationAlgebra and Magnification: Mathematical Symbols and Changing the Subject of an EquationAlgebra and Magnification: Substituting Values, Solving Equations and Using LogarithmsGraphs: Translating Between Graphical, Plotting Two Variables and Linear RelationshipsGraphs: Intercepts, Rate of Change and Slope of a Tangent to a CurveGeometry: Circumferences, Surface Areas and Volumes of Regular Shapes
How Science Works (Appendix D)
Topic overviewDeveloping and Communicating Scientific Explanations: Using Theories, Models and IdeasDeveloping and Communicating Scientific Explanations: Posing Scientific QuestionsScientific Methodology, Evidence and Evaluation: Appropriate Methodology Including ICTScientific Methodology, Evidence and Evaluation: Analysing and Conflicting DataScience, Society and Ethics: How Scientific Knowledge Develops Over TimeScience, Society and Ethics: Risks, Ethical Treatment of Humans and Other OrganismsScience, Society and Ethics: Environment and How Society Uses Science
Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells
- 5 subtopics
- 15 things to know
- AS Unit 1
What Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells covers
Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells is examined on AS Unit 1 of WJEC Biology, Basic Biochemistry and Cell Organisation. 54 recall questions across 5 subtopics.
Where it is assessed
AS Unit 1
Basic Biochemistry and Cell Organisation.
Check the WJEC specification ↗The 5 subtopics
Each one has its own page. WJEC AS Biology students sit this topic in the first year.
- The Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Interphase and StagesRecall questions on Interphase and Stages.Open →
- The Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Cytokinesis, Significance in Renewal and RepairRecall questions on Cytokinesis, Significance in Renewal and Repair.Open →
- The Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Root Tip Squash and Mitotic IndexPreparing a stained root tip squash to see dividing cells, the rules for scientific drawing, and calculating the mitotic index and the time spent in each stage of the cell cycle.Open →
- Meiosis: Meiosis I and Meiosis II, crossing over and independent assortmentRecall questions on Meiosis I and Meiosis II, crossing over and independent assortment as sources of variation.Open →
- Meiosis: differences from mitosisRecall questions on differences from mitosis.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Process
What happens in anaphase I, and how does this differ from anaphase in mitosis?
Key term
Name two environmental factors that increase the chance of the mutations leading to cancer.
Key term
How is the mitotic index of a sample calculated?
Key term
A cell containing 12 chromosomes divides by meiosis. How many chromosomes will each of the resulting cells contain?
Key term
How would you distinguish anaphase I from anaphase II on a prepared slide?
Process
Name the three main stages of the cell cycle.
Process
Which stage of the cell cycle occupies most of the time, and why?
Key term
What happens during telophase?
Key term
Why is the tip of an actively growing root used to study mitosis?
Key term
Why are individual chromosomes not visible during interphase?
Key term
State the significance of mitosis in terms of the genetic material of the daughter cells.
Key term
Why is a root tip warmed in hydrochloric acid before it is mounted?
Key term
How many nuclear divisions take place during meiosis, and how many cells result?
Key term
Give three differences between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the cells they produce.
Take Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Mitosis vs Meiosis
Mitosis: nuclear division producing genetically identical nuclei. Meiosis: nuclear division producing genetically varied haploid nuclei.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Name the three main stages of the cell cycle.
Model answer
Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
- 2
Which stage of the cell cycle occupies most of the time, and why?
Model answer
Interphase, because the cell must grow, make new organelles and proteins and copy all of its DNA before it can divide.
- 3
Name the three parts of interphase and state what happens in each.
Model answer
In G₁ the cell grows and makes new organelles and proteins, in S the DNA is replicated, and in G₂ the cell grows further and makes the proteins needed for division.
- 4
Why are individual chromosomes not visible during interphase?
Model answer
The DNA is present as long, thin, uncoiled threads of chromatin that cannot be resolved as separate structures.
- 5
What is the state of a chromosome at the end of the S phase?
Model answer
It consists of two identical sister chromatids joined together at a centromere.
- 6
What happens during prophase?
Model answer
The chromosomes coil up and become visible as two chromatids joined at a centromere, the centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle fibres form, and the nucleolus and nuclear envelope break down.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells revision questions
- Is Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells examined at AS in WJEC Biology?
- Yes. It sits in AS Unit 1, which you take in the first year, so it is on the AS paper as well as counting towards the full A level.
- What does Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells cover in WJEC AS-Level Biology?
- 5 subtopics: the cell cycle and mitosis: interphase and stages, the cell cycle and mitosis: cytokinesis, significance in renewal and repair, the cell cycle and mitosis: root tip squash and mitotic index, meiosis: meiosis i and meiosis ii, crossing over and independent assortment and meiosis: differences from mitosis. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells organised?
- By the WJEC 601-5290-0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Genetic Information Is Copied and Passed on to Daughter Cells, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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