According to the UK Chief Medical Officers (2019), how much physical activity should children and young people aged 5 to 18 do?

Children and young people should average at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity a day across the week.

What types of activity should children aged 5 to 18 do across the week, in addition to meeting the daily average?

Children should do a variety of types and intensities of activity across the week. The mix should develop movement skills, muscular fitness and bone strength.

How did the 2019 guidelines change the advice for children from the earlier version?

The earlier guideline asked for at least 60 minutes every day. The 2019 guideline allows an average of 60 minutes a day across the week.

State the UK guideline for aerobic activity in adults aged 19 to 64.

Adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity a week. A combination of the two, spread across the week, also meets the guideline.

How often should adults do muscle strengthening activity, and what should it involve?

Adults should do strengthening activity on at least two days a week. The activity should work all the major muscle groups, as in lifting weights, carrying heavy shopping or heavy gardening.

CCEA A-Level Nutrition and Food Science 3310

Protein

Topic overview Functions of protein Amino acids, biological value and complementation Animal and plant sources of protein Novel protein sources Nitrogen balance and protein requirements

Fat

Topic overview Functions of fat Structure of fats and fatty acids Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids Omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids Essential fatty acids

Carbohydrate

Topic overview Sources and functions of carbohydrate Intrinsic, extrinsic and non-milk extrinsic sugars Starch and resistant starch Non-starch polysaccharides and dietary fibre Blood sugar, glycaemic index and glycaemic load

Vitamins

Topic overview Vitamin solubility, absorption and bioavailability Vitamin A and beta-carotene Vitamin D and sunlight Vitamins E and K Thiamin, riboflavin and niacin Vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate Vitamin C and scurvy

Minerals

Topic overview Calcium and phosphorus Magnesium, sodium and potassium Iron and iron deficiency anaemia Iodine and fluorine Selenium and zinc Mineral bioavailability and absorption

Water and Other Fluids

Topic overview Functions and sources of water Nutritional benefits of other drinks Factors affecting hydration Dehydration and water intoxication

Nutrition Through Life

Topic overview Pre-conception and pregnancy nutrition Lactation and infant milk feeding Weaning and pre-school children School-age children and teenagers Nutrition for adult men and women Older adults and the frail elderly Dietary Reference Values and diet evaluation

Eating Patterns

Topic overview Food consumption trends and demographic change Social change, employment and leisure patterns Resources and availability of healthy food Food labels and advertising as barriers

Energy and Energy Balance

Topic overview Why the body needs energy Basal metabolic rate and physical activity level Energy EARs through life Energy balance and weight change

Overweight and Obesity

Topic overview BMI, waist circumference and measuring body fat Trends in childhood and adult obesity Barriers to achieving a healthy weight Health problems of excess weight Achieving a healthy weight in children and adults

Cardiovascular Disease

Topic overview Defining CVD and how atherosclerosis develops Non-modifiable risk factors for CVD Smoking, inactivity, alcohol, obesity and Type 2 diabetes Blood cholesterol, fatty acids and soluble fibre Hypertension, sodium, antioxidants and homocysteine Preventing CVD through diet and lifestyle

Cancer

Topic overview Cancer and how tumours develop Fat, salt and meat in cancer risk Wholegrains, fruit, vegetables and antioxidants Lifestyle factors in cancer risk Recommendations to reduce cancer risk

Type 2 Diabetes

Topic overview Definition and symptoms of Type 2 diabetes Risk factors for Type 2 diabetes Preventing Type 2 diabetes Managing Type 2 diabetes

Alcohol

Topic overview Units, energy and alcohol's link to obesity Alcohol, the heart and cancer Alcohol in pregnancy and the developing baby Nutritional effects of heavy drinking

Physical Activity

Topic overview UK physical activity guidelines Activity, heart health and energy balance Bone, joint, muscle and mental health benefits

Food Security and Food PovertyOption A

Topic overview Food security and the threat from climate change Land degradation and population growth Food poverty as a global issue Food poverty in the UK and Northern Ireland Food banks, FareShare and the Trussell Trust

Food SustainabilityOption A

Topic overview Animal farming, climate change and natural resources Local and seasonal food Organic farming and the environment Fairtrade and producer countries Red Tractor, NI Beef and Lamb, LEAF and Conservation Grade Carbon labels, Rainforest Alliance, MSC and green claims

Food WasteOption A

Topic overview Environmental and ethical impact of food and packaging waste Waste from primary producers and food manufacturers Waste from retailers and consumers WRAP, the Courtauld Commitment and Love Food Hate Waste NI

Changing Consumer BehaviourOption A

Topic overview Advice for sustainable food choices Barriers to sustainable food choices Environmental and social cost of supermarket shopping

Food Safety Through the Food ChainOption B

Topic overview WHO and shared responsibility for food safety Animal and plant health risks The Food Standards Agency and DAERA GMP, quality assurance standards and traceability HACCP in food-serving establishments Hygiene ratings, food law inspections and EHPs

Microbiological ContaminationOption B

Topic overview Salmonella and Campylobacter Listeria and Escherichia coli High-risk foods for food poisoning Microbial control by producers and manufacturers Microbial control in catering and at home

Chemical ContaminationOption B

Topic overview Acrylamide in cooked foods Arsenic in rice Bisphenol A and dioxins Mercury, lead and cadmium in food

Food AdditivesOption B

Topic overview Additive regulation and E numbers Food colours and flavour enhancers Intense and bulk sweeteners Preservatives, nitrites and sulphites

Food AllergensOption B

Topic overview Why food allergies are increasing Allergen labelling and information rules The FSA's work on allergy and intolerance

Food Safety Controls and LegislationOption B

Topic overview EFSA and food risk assessment General food hygiene under Regulation 852/2004 Regulation 853/2004 and official controls

Research Skills

Topic overview Primary and secondary research Questionnaires and interviews Food diaries, observation and sensory evaluation Sampling and research ethics Evaluating and referencing sources Analysing and presenting data

Physical Activity

3 subtopics
9 things to know
AS 2

What Physical Activity covers

Physical Activity is examined in Unit AS 2, Diet, Lifestyle and Health — examined, compulsory. It covers UK physical activity guidelines, activity, heart health and energy balance and bone, joint, muscle and mental health benefits.

Where it is assessed

AS 2

Diet, Lifestyle and Health — a written examination.

Check the CCEA specification ↗

The 3 subtopics

Each one has its own page.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

What do the 2019 UK activity guidelines recommend for children and young people aged 5 to 18?

Key term

What activity do pre-school children and infants need, and why is activity best spread across the week?

Key term

How does regular aerobic exercise change the heart muscle?

Evaluation

How does weight-bearing activity strengthen bones?

Key term

Why does a trained person have a lower resting heart rate?

Key term

Why is physical activity in childhood and adolescence particularly important for bones?

Numbers

Which guidelines set out current UK advice on physical activity?

Key term

How does regular activity affect the blood vessels and blood pressure?

Key term

Why do swimming and cycling do less for bone density than running or skipping?

Take Physical Activity further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

Moderate activity vs Vigorous activity
Moderate activity: exercise that raises the heart rate but still allows conversation. Vigorous activity: exercise hard enough that only a few words can be spoken between breaths.
Aerobic exercise vs Anaerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise: sustained effort powered by oxygen, such as a steady jog. Anaerobic exercise: short, intense effort that outpaces oxygen supply, such as a sprint.
Sedentary behaviour vs Physical inactivity
Sedentary behaviour: time spent sitting or lying with very low energy use while awake. Physical inactivity: not meeting the recommended amounts of movement each week.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Which guidelines set out current UK advice on physical activity?
Model answer
The UK Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines were published in 2019. The guidelines cover every age group from infants to older adults.
2
According to the UK Chief Medical Officers (2019), how much physical activity should children and young people aged 5 to 18 do?
Model answer
Children and young people should average at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity a day across the week.
3
What types of activity should children aged 5 to 18 do across the week, in addition to meeting the daily average?
Model answer
Children should do a variety of types and intensities of activity across the week. The mix should develop movement skills, muscular fitness and bone strength.
4
How did the 2019 guidelines change the advice for children from the earlier version?
Model answer
The earlier guideline asked for at least 60 minutes every day. The 2019 guideline allows an average of 60 minutes a day across the week.
5
State the UK guideline for aerobic activity in adults aged 19 to 64.
Model answer
Adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity a week. A combination of the two, spread across the week, also meets the guideline.
6
How often should adults do muscle strengthening activity, and what should it involve?
Model answer
Adults should do strengthening activity on at least two days a week. The activity should work all the major muscle groups, as in lifting weights, carrying heavy shopping or heavy gardening.

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Overweight means an adult BMI from 25 up to 29.9.

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Physical Activity revision questions

What does Physical Activity cover in CCEA A-Level Nutrition and Food Science?: 3 subtopics: uk physical activity guidelines, activity, heart health and energy balance and bone, joint, muscle and mental health benefits. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
How is Physical Activity organised?: By the CCEA 3310 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.

Every question in Physical Activity, on a schedule.

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