Key term
Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Equilibrium II
Calculating Kp and the effect of conditions
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
Finding equilibrium amounts to calculate Kc and Kp, working out their units, why only temperature changes the value of K and how it moves for exothermic and endothermic reactions, and what a large K says about the position of equilibrium.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What information is needed to calculate Kc from experimental data?
Key term
For an exothermic forward reaction, what happens to Kc or Kp when temperature is increased?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What information is needed to calculate Kc from experimental data?
Model answer
The equilibrium concentrations of all species that appear in the Kc expression.
- 2
How are equilibrium amounts found from initial amounts and the amount reacted?
Model answer
By subtracting the amount reacted from initial reactants and adding the amount formed to products, using the balancing numbers.
- 3
How are the units of an equilibrium constant found?
Model answer
By substituting the units of each term into the expression and cancelling.
- 4
For an equilibrium with equal numbers of gas moles on both sides, what can be said about the units of Kp?
Model answer
They cancel, so Kp has no units.
- 5
How is the total number of moles of gas used when calculating partial pressures?
Model answer
It is used to find each mole fraction before multiplying by the total pressure.
- 6
Only one thing shifts the value of K — what?
Model answer
Temperature.
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