Key term
Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Halogen displacement reactions
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
The displacement reactions of chlorine, bromine and iodine with halide ions and the colours seen, why a halogen cannot displace a more reactive one, the halogen colours in an organic solvent, which species is oxidised and which reduced, and the oxidation numbers when halogens react with Group 1 and Group 2 metals.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Numbers
What are the oxidation states of the metal and halogen when halogens react with Group 1 metals?
Key term
What type of reaction occurs when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halide ion from solution?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What type of reaction occurs when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halide ion from solution?
Model answer
A redox reaction.
- 2
What colour change is observed when chlorine water is added to a solution containing bromide ions?
Model answer
The solution changes from colourless to orange-brown.
- 3
What colour change is observed when chlorine is added to a solution containing iodide ions?
Model answer
The solution changes from colourless to brown
- 4
Why is chlorine able to displace iodide ions from solution?
Model answer
Chlorine is a stronger oxidising agent than iodine, so it can oxidise iodide ions to iodine while being reduced to chloride ions
- 5
In the displacement reaction between chlorine and iodide ions, what is oxidised and what is reduced?
Model answer
Iodide ions are oxidised to iodine; chlorine is reduced to chloride ions
- 6
What colour change is observed when bromine water is added to a solution containing iodide ions?
Model answer
The solution changes from orange to brown.
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