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Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Testing for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ions
- 3 things to know
- Papers 1 and 3
Overview
The aqueous acid test for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ions, the effervescence of carbon dioxide it gives, the ionic equations CO₃²⁻ + 2H⁺ → H₂O + CO₂ and HCO₃⁻ + H⁺ → H₂O + CO₂, and the mole ratio of hydrogen ions each shows.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Key term
State the ionic equation for the reaction of hydrogencarbonate ions with acid.
Key term
What is the first step in the chemical test to identify carbonate ions?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the first step in the chemical test to identify carbonate ions?
Model answer
Add an aqueous acid to the sample
- 2
When testing for carbonate ions with acid, what is observed during the reaction?
Model answer
Effervescence or bubbles are observed
- 3
What gas is evolved when carbonate ions react with an aqueous acid?
Model answer
Carbon dioxide gas
- 4
Write the ionic equation for the reaction between carbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
Model answer
CO₃²⁻ + 2H⁺ → H₂O + CO₂
- 5
In the ionic equation for carbonate reacting with acid, what is the molar ratio of hydrogen ions to carbonate ions?
Model answer
2:1 (two moles of H⁺ per mole of CO₃²⁻)
- 6
What reagent is added to a sample to test for the presence of hydrogencarbonate ions?
Model answer
An aqueous acid
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