Key term
Edexcel A-Level Chemistry 9CH0
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Bonding and Structure
Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table
Topic overviewFlame tests and how they workThermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonatesCarrying out flame tests and testing the gasesGroup 2 elements and their compoundsTrends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatineHalogen displacement reactionsDisproportionation and the reactions of chlorineHalides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halidesTesting for halide ions with silver nitrateTesting for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ionsTesting for sulfate and ammonium ions
Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance
Topic overviewThe mole, molar mass and empirical formulaThe ideal gas equation and molar volumeEquations, concentration and reacting quantitiesStandard solutions, titration and uncertaintyPercentage yield, atom economy and acid reactionsCore practicals 1 to 3Empirical formula and water of crystallisation by experimentApparatus, uncertainty and mathematical skills
Organic Chemistry I
Topic overviewFormulae, homologous series and functional groupsIUPAC nomenclatureTypes of organic reaction and structural isomerismStereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclaturePractical techniques in organic chemistryAlkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutantsRadical substitutionAlkenes, the double bond and hydrogenationElectrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkeneAddition polymers and waste polymersNucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanesRates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanismsClassifying and oxidising alcoholsAlcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Energetics I
Kinetics I
Equilibrium I
Acid-Base Equilibria
Energetics II
Redox II
Transition Metals
Topic overviewElectron configuration and what makes a transition metalComplex ions, ligands and the colour of transition metal ionsCoordination number, monodentate ligands and the shapes of complexesBidentate and multidentate ligands, and ligand exchangeVanadium and chromium chemistryReactions with sodium hydroxide and ammoniaCobalt and copper complexesLigand exchange, amphoteric behaviour and the chelate effectTransition metals as catalysts
Kinetics II
Organic Chemistry II
Topic overviewChiralityAldehydes, ketones and their oxidationReduction and nucleophilic addition of HCNTesting for a carbonyl group: 2,4-DNPH and the iodoform reactionCarboxylic acids and their reactionsEsters and acyl chloridesReflux, extraction and recrystallisationDistillation, melting temperature and working safely
Organic Chemistry III
Topic overviewThe structure of benzene and the evidence for itElectrophilic substitution of benzeneNitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenolAmines: structure and basicityReactions of amines and preparing themAmides and condensation polymersAmino acids, zwitterions and proteinsEmpirical and molecular formulae from analytical dataGrignard reagents and multi-step synthesisPurification techniques and the aspirin preparation
Modern Analytical Techniques I
Deducing functional groups from an infrared spectrum
- 3 things to know
- Papers 2 and 3
Overview
The steps for deducing the functional groups in an unknown from its infrared spectrum and for predicting the spectrum of a known compound, the test-tube tests used in Core Practical 7, and telling a ketone from an alcohol by its C=O and O–H absorptions.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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Key term
What is the first step when using IR spectroscopy to identify an unknown compound?
Key term
After obtaining an IR spectrum of an unknown compound, what should you do next?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What is the first step when using IR spectroscopy to identify an unknown compound?
Model answer
Obtain the IR spectrum of the unknown compound.
- 2
After obtaining an IR spectrum of an unknown compound, what should you do next?
Model answer
Identify significant absorption peaks and their wavenumbers.
- 3
How do you determine which functional groups are present after identifying absorption peaks in an IR spectrum?
Model answer
Compare the observed wavenumbers to reference data for functional groups.
- 4
What is the final step in deducing the functional groups present in an unknown compound from its IR spectrum?
Model answer
Deduce which functional groups are present based on matches between observed peaks and reference wavenumber data.
- 5
When predicting the IR spectrum of a known compound, what is the first step?
Model answer
Identify the functional groups present in the molecular structure.
- 6
After identifying functional groups in a molecular structure, how do you predict its IR absorptions?
Model answer
Look up the characteristic wavenumber ranges for each functional group identified.
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