How does the structure of a secondary amine differ from a primary amine?

A secondary amine has the structure R₂NH, where the nitrogen is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups and one hydrogen atom, rather than one alkyl/aryl group and two hydrogens.

What is the general structure of a primary amide?

R-CO-NH₂, where the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a nitrogen bearing two hydrogen atoms.

What two functional groups are present in an amino acid, and where are they located?

An amine group (-NH₂) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), both attached to the same carbon atom called the alpha carbon.

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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Topic overview Protons, neutrons, electrons and isotopes Relative atomic mass and the mass spectrum Ionisation energy and the evidence for sub-shells Orbitals and electron configuration Periodicity across a period and down a group

Bonding and Structure

Topic overview Ionic bonding Covalent bonding, dative bonding and the shapes of molecules Electronegativity, polarity and intermolecular forces Structure and properties

Redox I

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Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table

Topic overview Flame tests and how they work Thermal decomposition of nitrates and carbonates Carrying out flame tests and testing the gases Group 2 elements and their compounds Trends in Group 7 and predicting fluorine and astatine Halogen displacement reactions Disproportionation and the reactions of chlorine Halides with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen halides Testing for halide ions with silver nitrate Testing for carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ions Testing for sulfate and ammonium ions

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Organic Chemistry I

Topic overview Formulae, homologous series and functional groups IUPAC nomenclature Types of organic reaction and structural isomerism Stereoisomerism and E/Z nomenclature Practical techniques in organic chemistry Alkanes, crude oil and combustion pollutants Radical substitution Alkenes, the double bond and hydrogenation Electrophilic addition, Markovnikov's rule and the test for an alkene Addition polymers and waste polymers Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes Rates of hydrolysis and the SN1 and SN2 mechanisms Classifying and oxidising alcohols Alcohols: practical techniques and the core practicals

Modern Analytical Techniques I

Topic overview Mass spectrometry Infrared spectroscopy and the characteristic absorptions Deducing functional groups from an infrared spectrum

Energetics I

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Organic Chemistry III

Topic overview The structure of benzene and the evidence for it Electrophilic substitution of benzene Nitration, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts and phenol Amines: structure and basicity Reactions of amines and preparing them Amides and condensation polymers Amino acids, zwitterions and proteins Empirical and molecular formulae from analytical data Grignard reagents and multi-step synthesis Purification techniques and the aspirin preparation

Modern Analytical Techniques II

Topic overview Carbon-13 and proton NMR Splitting, integration and the reference standard Chromatography High-resolution mass spectrometry

Organic Chemistry III

Amines: structure and basicity

3 things to know
Papers 2 and 3

Overview

The structures of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, of amides and of amino acids, how butylamine accepts a proton to give an alkaline solution, and the reactions of primary amines with acids and with acyl chlorides.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is the general structure of a primary amine?

Key term

What is the general structure of a tertiary amine?

Key term

What structural feature defines the amide functional group?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is the general structure of a primary amine?
Model answer
R-NH₂, where a nitrogen atom is bonded to one alkyl or aryl group and two hydrogen atoms.
2
How does the structure of a secondary amine differ from a primary amine?
Model answer
A secondary amine has the structure R₂NH, where the nitrogen is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups and one hydrogen atom, rather than one alkyl/aryl group and two hydrogens.
3
What is the general structure of a tertiary amine?
Model answer
R₃N, where the nitrogen atom is bonded to three alkyl or aryl groups with no hydrogen atoms attached to nitrogen.
4
What structural feature defines the amide functional group?
Model answer
A carbonyl group directly bonded to a nitrogen atom.
5
What is the general structure of a primary amide?
Model answer
R-CO-NH₂, where the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a nitrogen bearing two hydrogen atoms.
6
What two functional groups are present in an amino acid, and where are they located?
Model answer
An amine group (-NH₂) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), both attached to the same carbon atom called the alpha carbon.

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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table

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